Health psychology Into

Question 1

Health psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of psychological influences on physical health like

1) how we stay healthy
2) why we become ill
3) how we respond when we get ill

Question 2

Changing causes of mortality between 1900 and 2010?

Answer 2

1900s: people dying from acute, infectious disorders (flu, tuberculosis, pneumonia)
200s: people dying from chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs)

Question 3

What are non-communicable diseases ( NCDs) ?

Answer 3

On-going / long term diseases

Lifestyle diseases

Can be improve/ reduce risk by changing lifestyle

Question 4

NCDs examples ?

Answer 4

Cardiovascular disease
Cancer
Chronic respiratory diseases

Question 5

Theory

Answer 5

Set of analytic statements that explain a set of phenomena, such as why people practice poor health behaviors

Question 6

Why study health psychology?

Answer 6

1) advances in technology and research
2) increased mortality due to chronic, lifestyle related illnesses
3) expanding health care field
4) to become informed consumers of research and health-related news, products

Question 7

Experiment

Answer 7

A study in which two or more different conditions are created to which people are assigned randomly and their reactions are measured

Question 8

Randomized clinical trials (RCT)

Answer 8

A type of experiment conducted to evaluate treatments or interventions and their effectiveness

A target treatments is compared against the existing standard of care or a placebo control, that is, an organically inert treatment

Question 9

Prospective research design

Answer 9

Looks forward in time to see how:

• people change
• relationship between two variables changes over time

Conducted to understand the risk factors that relate to health conditions

Question 10

Retrospective research design

Answer 10

Looks backward in time in an attempt to reconstruct the conditions that led to a current situation

Question 11

Retrospective research design example ?

Answer 11

Identifying the risk factors that lead to the development of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Question 12

Morbidity

Answer 12

Number of cases of a disease that exists at some given point in time

Proportion of illnesses in a population

Question 13

Mortality

Answer 13

Numbers of deaths due to particular causes

Incidence of deaths in a population

Question 14

Prevalence

Answer 14

Proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic

Question 15

Incidence

Answer 15

The number of new cases per population in a given time period

Question 16

Mediator

Answer 16

The predictor influences the outcome indirectly via a mediator

Once we account for indirect path through mediator , the relationship between A and B becomes weaker or non-existent

Question 17

?

             /                              \
  Variable A                    Variable B 

Mediator or moderator ?

Answer 17

Mediator

Question 18

?
|
Variable A ————> variable B

Mediator or moderator?

Answer 18

Moderator

Question 19

Correlational research

Answer 19

measures whether changes in one variable correspond with changes in another variable