HEALTH PROMOTION OF THE TODDLER AND FAMILY: Flashcards
Promoting Optimum Growth and Development
- The terrible twos- tend to have the most difficulties in the hospital bc they can not fully articulate their needs and are unable to understand what we are telling them
- Age 12 to 36 months (1-3 years)
Intense period of exploration - Temper tantrums and obstinacy occur frequently
- Successful mastery of developmental skills depends on the trust and guidance of parents
Biologic Development
- Weight gain slows to 4 to 6 pounds per year
- Birth weight should be quadrupled by 2½ years
- Height increases about 3 inches per year
- Growth is steplike rather than linear
- Adult height is 2 times the height at age 2 years
- Anterior fontanel closes by 18 months
Must document something about fontenelle on babies ____ months old
How is it documented?
Flat=
Bulging: continuous bulging=
Depressed: =
<18
- Flat= normal
- Bulging: continuous bulging= not good= document intervention
- Depressed: not normal= document intervention
Gross and Fine Motor Development: locomotion
- 7 months: there’s full weight on the feet
- 9 months: Stand holding onto furniture
- ## 10 months: takes deliberate step-* Walks by 12 months;
—* Concern: if not walking by 15 months - *runs by 18 months
- *Climbs stairs by age 2 years
- Has improved coordination between 2 and 3 years
Fine motor development
- Has improved manual dexterity at 12 to 15 months
- Throws a ball by 18 months
- Build with blocks, undresses self, runs by 2 years
- Draws circles by age 3 years
Erikson: Psychosocial Development
Age?
Interventions?
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
12-36 months (1-3 years)
-
- They want autonomy- if they don’t get it they develop shame or doubt
Nursing Interventions:
- Allow self care when appropriate: brush teeth/ wash hands, get dressed on own, potty train on own
- Ritualization provides a sense of comfort
At admission ask: if they eat at a certain time, eat a specific snack, bed time routine, etc
Negativism
- say no to everything; don’t ask child permission to do anything. Be matter of fact. Tell them what you’re going to do and do it quickly
Piaget: Cognitive Development 1-2 yrs
- Sensorimotor phases
— mental combinations at 1.5 - 2 years - Imitation and domestic mimicry are common
— Toy kitchen, toy lawn mower, etc. - Awareness of causal relationships between two events
— (problem solving and operations) - Learns spatial- placing shapes in holes
Piaget: Cognitive Development: 2-3 yrs
PREOPERATIONAL (2-7yr)
Preconceptual Substage: (2-4 yr)
- Magical thoughts: think they can fly, or swim under water
- Animism: think something that isn’t alive, is alive
May be afraid of pulse ox, or V/S machine
- Egocentric: not able to put themselves in other people’s shoes yet; won’t comfort other crying kids
- Imitation: imitate what they see
Language
- Increasing level of comprehension
- Increasing ability to understand
- *Comprehension of 300 words by age 2 years
- *At age 2 years, can use two- or three-word phrases
- At age 3 years, can use simple sentences and acquires five to six new words a day
- Gestures precede each language milestone up to 2.5 years of age
Solitary Play
playing alone with toy
Parallel play
- playing alongside each other, but not necessarily with the same thing. Doing their own thing next to each other.
Associative play
children play next to each other and interacting with eachother. “ I’m going to build a castle, you build the dungeon” (working together, but still on their own)
Dramatic play
dressing up, play pretend. Props
Cooperative
follow rules of the game. “ I’m gonna build a building, and you build a Bridge connected to it” (the activities of each child kind of impacts the other)
