HEALTH PROMOTION OF THE ADOLESCENT:

Question 1

Physical Maturation:
Sexual Maturation

Answer 1

• Tanner stages of sexual maturity
• Stages of development of secondary sex characteristics and genital development
• Defined as a guide for estimating sexual maturity

Question 2

Physical Maturation:
Physical Growth

Answer 2

• Dramatic increase in growth accompanies sexual maturation
• *Adolescents have growth spurts
  — 20% to 25% of total height is achieved during puberty
  — Usually occurs within a 24- to 36-month period
  — *Female age 13-14 height will be adult height
  —- *Once breast buds develop- their period will come 1-2 years after (anticipatory guidance)
  — *Males: age 18 height will be adult height
  —- *First sign of puberty: Testicular enlargement- 11-12 yo

Question 3

Psychosocial Development
Erikson: Adolescent
Age
Nursing intervention:

Answer 3

• Identity vs. Role Confusion
• Age: 12-18yrs
• Goal is to define one’s identity independently from parental authority
• Much ambivalence (mixed feelings)
• Intense sociability; intense loneliness
• *Acceptance by peers is important to them
  Nursing Intervention:
• *Encourage socialization and offer autonomy/ including peer groups
• *Include pt in care

Question 4

Piaget: Cognitive Development
Age:
Stage:

Answer 4

• 11yr-adult
• Stage: *Formal operations period
• Abstract thinking
  — Think beyond present
  — Mental manipulation of multiple variables
  — Concerned about others’ thoughts and needs

Question 5

Kohlberg: Moral Development stage:
Age:

Answer 5

Post Conventional 12yr-adult
- Internalized set of moral principles
- Questioning of existing moral values and relevance to society
- Understand duty and obligation, reciprocal rights of others
- Concepts of justice, reparation

Question 6

Relationship roles:
Adolescents With parents:

Answer 6

• Roles change from “protection–dependency” to “mutual affection and equality”
• Process involves turmoil and ambiguity
• Struggle of privileges and responsibility
• Emancipation from parents may begin with the rejection of parents by the teenager

Question 7

Relationship roles:
Adolescents With Peers:

Answer 7

• Peers assume an increasingly significant role in adolescence (“best friend”)
• Peers provide a sense of belonging and a feeling of strength and power
• Peers form a transitional world between dependence and autonomy
• Role of social media and advanced technology

Question 8

greatest stressor for adolescent

Answer 8

Body Image

Question 9

Injury Prevention

Answer 9

• Motor vehicle crashes are the single greatest cause of serious and fatal injuries in teens
• Other vehicles
• Firearms and other weapons
• Sports injuries
• Water safety
• Poisoning, tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

Question 10

Teaching topics

Answer 10

• Injury prevention
• Diet & Exercise & Sleep
• Depression
• Drug and alcohol use
• Peer Pressure
• Sexual health (birth control, STI)
• Stress