HEALTH PROMOTION OF THE PRESCHOOLER AND FAMILY:

Question 1

Preschool AGE

Answer 1

3-5 years

Question 2

Biologic Development

Answer 2

• physical growth slows and stabilizes: (dont eat as much)
• Development of body image:
  — Aware of racial identity, differences in appearances, and biases (know boys have penis girls have vagina)
  — Poorly defined body boundaries
  —- Fear that if the skin is “broken” all one’s blood and “insides” can leak out
• Intervention: Keep band aid on
  Frightened by intrusive experiences

Question 3

Gross Motor Skills

Answer 3

• Walking
• Running
• Climbing
• Jumping

Question 4

Fine motor skills:

Answer 4

• Fine motor skills include refinement in eye–hand and muscle coordination
• Drawing, writing name, dressing, artwork, skillful manipulation, brush teeth, use scissors

Question 5

Erikson: Psychosocial Development
Age?
Interventions?

Answer 5

Initiative vs. Guilt 3-6yrs old
- Developing a sense of initiative
— Feelings of guilt, anxiety, and fear may result from thoughts that differ from expected behavior
— Development of superego (conscience)
— Allow them to take initiative, other wise they feel guilt
Nursing Interventions:
- provide play therapy
- offer choices when appropriate

Question 6

Kohlberg: moral development stage preschool
Age?

Answer 6

Pre conventional 2-7yrs
- Want to please others to avoid punishment

Question 7

Piaget: Cognitive Development:
Preoperational 2-7yrs:
- Preconceptual stage age range?

Answer 7

2-4yrs

• Magical thoughts
• Animism
• Egocentrism
• Imitation
• negativism

Question 8

Piaget: Cognitive Development:
Preoperational 2-7yrs:
Intuitive stage age range

Answer 8

4-7yrs
- Able to consider other viewpoints- sad for other kids
- Egocentricity is still evident
- Cause and effect
- *Thinks literally
- *Lacks sense of time
— Dont say “mom will be back in 4 hours” say “mom will be back at lunch time” (use events)

Question 9

Fears

Answer 9

• Dark- night light, door open
• Being left alone
• Animals (e.g., snakes, large dogs): no therapy dogs/ ask first
• Ghosts/ supernatural
• Objects or persons associated with pain
  — Have fellow nurse be the bad guy
• Technique of desensitization to overcome fears
  — Allow them to be exposed a lot more

Question 10

Nutrition

Answer 10

• Social eaters- love to eat with others
• Caloric requirements are approximately 90 kcal/kg
• Learn eating habits from others
• Enjoy preparing own meals
• 3 meals and 2-3 snacks
• Food jags

Question 11

Food Jags

Answer 11

common to prefer certain foods and only want those same foods for days to weeks- normal/ it’s a phase

Question 12

Sleep and Activity

Answer 12

• Sleeps for 12 hours per night; infrequent naps
• Thorough assessment of sleep problems
• Nightmares: wake up & remember
• Sleep terrors: screaming or talking or walking in the sleep- wake up and don’t remember
• Encourage consistent bedtime routine

Question 13

Injury Prevention:

Answer 13

• Motor vehicle and pedestrian accident
• Drowning
• Burns
• Needle sticks in the hospital and home
• Electrical injury in hospital and home