health - modern Flashcards
when was penicillin discovered
1928
how was penicillin discovered
Fleming left his petri dish with staphylococcus on the windowsill and then a spore flew in and when he came back he discovered the infection cleared up
who developed penicillin
florey and chain
how much did the gov give florey and chain to develop penicillin
£25
how much penicillin was made 1943 -> 1945 enough for people
100 people -> 250,000
how many us soldiers would have died if penicillin was not invented
12-15 %
how did florey and chain develop penicillin example
a 43 year old policeman was scratched by a rose bush after he had an infection, it started to clear up, but 5 days after they ran out and he died.
what % of people have taken penicillin now
10%
what is aromatherapy
oils are inhaled, which stimulate the healing part of the brain
what is hypnotherapy
therapist hypnotises the patient
what is homeopathy
making similar symptoms arise, which spurs on a natural response
what is acupuncture
needles
1950
william bigelow performs surgery on a hole in a baby’s heart
william bigelow performs surgery on a hole in a baby’s heart
1950
first british heart transplant
1968
1968
first british heart transplant
when was smallpox eradicated
1980
when was the first IVF babu
1978
1978
first IVF baby
when was the human genome project
1990 -> 2003
when was dolly the sheep
1996
how many people died in ww1 + 2
10 mil
20 mil
how much is the pharmaceutical industry worth now
200-300 billion
when was the sugar tax
2016
how many council houses were built and when and when was slum clearance
1930 - slum clearance
1948 - 200,000 council houses built
explain harold gillies + stats
queens hospital started in 1917, by 1921, they’d treated 5000 servicemen
when was the british national transfusion service
1946
what did booth find
30% of londoners didnt have money to buy food
what did rowntree find
28% of people didnt have money to live on
what percent of wounded would have died in ww2
12-15% would have died if not for penicillin
what did francis crick and james watson find
1953 - a double helix of the DNA
boer war
1899-1902, 40% of people werent fit
good pharmaceutical industry x3
- 1981 AIDS is discovered to be caused by the HIV virus
- 1987 AZT, a drug for HIV is developed
- 1960s chemotherapy drugs
`bad pharmaceutical industry x3
- 1950s - thalidomide is developed to help sleeping but pregnant women took it to stop morning sickness -> led to children being born with underdeveloped limbs
- high costs for research and development, which means only common diseases are researched as they are the ones which will make money
- antibiotic resistance - 25,000 die every year in the EU due to antibiotic resistance
how many die per year due to antibiotic resistance
25,000 in the EU
example if a superbug
MRSA
what did WW1 result in x4
- shell shock - PTSD is discovered
- blood transfusions - 1914, Albert Hustin discovers how to stop blood clotting, so it can be bottled and sent to fronts
- X-rays, although discovered in 1885, are first used here
- plastic surgery - Harold Gillies
whar didi WW2 result in x4
- british national transfusion service 1946
- penicillin developed
- heart surgery - Dwight Harken had to operate on a beating heart to remove shrapnel - more surgical knowledge
- WHO set up in 1946 after the health committee failed
when did poor children get free school meals
1906,
by 1914 - 158,000 children had free school meals
when were children made a protected class
1908
