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health - modern Flashcards

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1
Q

when was penicillin discovered

A

1928

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2
Q

how was penicillin discovered

A

Fleming left his petri dish with staphylococcus on the windowsill and then a spore flew in and when he came back he discovered the infection cleared up

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3
Q

who developed penicillin

A

florey and chain

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4
Q

how much did the gov give florey and chain to develop penicillin

A

£25

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5
Q

how much penicillin was made 1943 -> 1945 enough for people

A

100 people -> 250,000

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6
Q

how many us soldiers would have died if penicillin was not invented

A

12-15 %

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7
Q

how did florey and chain develop penicillin example

A

a 43 year old policeman was scratched by a rose bush after he had an infection, it started to clear up, but 5 days after they ran out and he died.

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8
Q

what % of people have taken penicillin now

A

10%

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9
Q

what is aromatherapy

A

oils are inhaled, which stimulate the healing part of the brain

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10
Q

what is hypnotherapy

A

therapist hypnotises the patient

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11
Q

what is homeopathy

A

making similar symptoms arise, which spurs on a natural response

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12
Q

what is acupuncture

A

needles

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13
Q

1950

A

william bigelow performs surgery on a hole in a baby’s heart

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14
Q

william bigelow performs surgery on a hole in a baby’s heart

A

1950

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15
Q

first british heart transplant

A

1968

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16
Q

1968

A

first british heart transplant

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17
Q

when was smallpox eradicated

A

1980

18
Q

when was the first IVF babu

A

1978

19
Q

1978

A

first IVF baby

20
Q

when was the human genome project

A

1990 -> 2003

21
Q

when was dolly the sheep

A

1996

22
Q

how many people died in ww1 + 2

A

10 mil
20 mil

23
Q

how much is the pharmaceutical industry worth now

A

200-300 billion

24
Q

when was the sugar tax

A

2016

25
Q

how many council houses were built and when and when was slum clearance

A

1930 - slum clearance
1948 - 200,000 council houses built

26
Q

explain harold gillies + stats

A

queens hospital started in 1917, by 1921, they’d treated 5000 servicemen

27
Q

when was the british national transfusion service

A

1946

28
Q

what did booth find

A

30% of londoners didnt have money to buy food

29
Q

what did rowntree find

A

28% of people didnt have money to live on

30
Q

what percent of wounded would have died in ww2

A

12-15% would have died if not for penicillin

31
Q

what did francis crick and james watson find

A

1953 - a double helix of the DNA

32
Q

boer war

A

1899-1902, 40% of people werent fit

33
Q

good pharmaceutical industry x3

A
  1. 1981 AIDS is discovered to be caused by the HIV virus
  2. 1987 AZT, a drug for HIV is developed
  3. 1960s chemotherapy drugs
34
Q

`bad pharmaceutical industry x3

A
  1. 1950s - thalidomide is developed to help sleeping but pregnant women took it to stop morning sickness -> led to children being born with underdeveloped limbs
  2. high costs for research and development, which means only common diseases are researched as they are the ones which will make money
  3. antibiotic resistance - 25,000 die every year in the EU due to antibiotic resistance
35
Q

how many die per year due to antibiotic resistance

A

25,000 in the EU

36
Q

example if a superbug

A

MRSA

37
Q

what did WW1 result in x4

A
  1. shell shock - PTSD is discovered
  2. blood transfusions - 1914, Albert Hustin discovers how to stop blood clotting, so it can be bottled and sent to fronts
  3. X-rays, although discovered in 1885, are first used here
  4. plastic surgery - Harold Gillies
38
Q

whar didi WW2 result in x4

A
  1. british national transfusion service 1946
  2. penicillin developed
  3. heart surgery - Dwight Harken had to operate on a beating heart to remove shrapnel - more surgical knowledge
  4. WHO set up in 1946 after the health committee failed
39
Q

when did poor children get free school meals

A

1906,
by 1914 - 158,000 children had free school meals

40
Q

when were children made a protected class

A

1908

history (15 decks)

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