health - medieval

Question 1

what happened in the dark ages

Answer 1

galen and hippocrates’ writings were destroyed or hidden

Question 2

who saved these writings

Answer 2

islamic ppl

Question 3

what did the christian church think about medicine

Answer 3

thye thought people were ill because they sinned

Question 4

phrase that sums up christian attitudes towards medicine

Answer 4

care not cure

Question 5

islam phrase that sums up attitudes towards medicine

Answer 5

for every disease, allah has given us a cure

Question 6

how did they used to see is you were sick in medieval times x4

Answer 6

talking ot them, urine smell and colour, taking pulse, miasma

Question 7

waht were the four humours

Answer 7

hippocrates’ creation, they needed to be balanced e.g blood, phlegm, poopq

Question 8

how was englnads public health in the medieval era?q

Answer 8

bad, towns were built around rivers which were used as otilets as well as sanitation, cesspits of poop

Question 9

how could you cancel miasma in medieval england

Answer 9

put head 2x a dayin animal poop

Question 10

medieval treatments x6

Answer 10

herbs, the supernatural, blood letting (leeches), egestion - laxitives, wise old village woman, barber surgeons, the church

Question 11

what was surgery like in medieval englaf

Answer 11

bad- unlicensed barber surgeons would perform surgeries as surgons werent porffessionalised.

Question 12

who was the first surgeon

Answer 12

john of ardene

Question 13

what was john ardenes survival rate

Answer 13

over 50%

Question 14

what did john of ardene do as a job

Answer 14

war surgeon

Question 15

what did jogn of ardebe contribbute

Answer 15

due to the war- he made an anaesthetic made of hemlock, opium, henbone == less need for cauterisation

Question 16

when was the black death

Answer 16

1347

Question 17

how was the black death worsened

Answer 17

when people were buried in shallow graves - this meant that wild animals spread the infectious bodies so the virus spread

Question 18

what were treatments for the black death x4

Answer 18

to drink mercury, to shave a chicken and strap buboes, flee, quarantine, flagellation.

Question 19

why was the black death so terrifying

Answer 19

people contracted it and died quickly, they usually died within the day

Question 20

how many people in europe died from the black death

Answer 20

1/3

Question 21

where was public health better in medieval times

Answer 21

monasteries and abbies

Question 22

why was public health better in monasteries and abbeys x5

Answer 22

they lived more rurally, had better saniation, more money, better diets,

Question 23

hat were the consquences of black death 3x

Answer 23

inflation = starvation = peasants need more money = peasants revolt

Question 24

what did priests do around the time of the black death

Answer 24

thye deserted villages

Question 25

what did galen discover

Answer 25

arteries

Question 26

how many hospitals were opened from 1000-1500

Answer 26

700

Question 27

why did the church like galen's ideas and why was it then hard to develop and criticise his ideas

Answer 27

the church liked galen's ideas because he suggested god made the body and everything perfect solely, so if your body was defected and different it is your fault as god made everything perfect blah blah blah, as monotheistic, so people who wanted to criticise his works would be by extension criticising the church robert bacon did this and was arrested for saying experimentation was important

Question 28

islamic things set up

Answer 28

in 805, Caliph al-Rashid set up a hospital in Baghdad with a medical school and library hospitals called bimaristans were set up in many Islamic cities to care for all

Question 29

Ibn al-Nafis did what

Answer 29

1213-1288 he was the first to describe how blood circulated around the body via the lungs, galen thought it just went right to left, his books not read in the west, ignored it would be 1618 when William Harvey discovered this in England

Question 30

what was used in medieval times as anaesthetic

Answer 30

hemlock or opium

Question 31

Abulcasis

Answer 31

a muslim surgeon who wrote a book in 1000, invented 26 new instruments, and made cauterisation popular which increased survival rates massively as they wouldn't bleed out

Question 32

mondino what did lad do

Answer 32

in 1316 he wrote anothornia which was a textbook about dissection , and was the one used for like 200 years, dissections were now used in most universities

Question 33

when were bitchers stopped from puttign stuff on the streets like dead intestines and that

Answer 33

1330

Question 34

why was religion as a whole bad for the development of medicine

Answer 34

it didnt allow dissection questioning ideas seems like questioning authority and

Question 35

how did people attempt to cure their illnesses

Answer 35

to stop miasma and its effect they put their heads in toilet waste to cancel out the miasma

Question 36

how many physicians were there in 1300

Answer 36

100

Question 37

what did hippocrates do

Answer 37

made the hippocratic oath which proffessionalised early medicine

Question 38

what law was passed in 1309

Answer 38

40p fine fro dumping

Question 39

when was 40p fine for dumping passed

Answer 39

1309

Question 39

when was 40p fine for dumping passed

Answer 39

1309

Question 40

example of a medieval mental hospital

Answer 40

bedlam

Question 41

who was roger bacon

Answer 41

arrested for questioning galens ideas adn saying experimentation should be used to develop medicine

Question 42

how was the black death heightened

Answer 42

shallow graves close contact, living in squalor no media to disprove theories poop on street

Question 43

economic impacts of black death

Answer 43

food prices x4 inflation more sheep farmers

Question 44

social impacts of black death

Answer 44

1/3 of europe died lead to the end of the feudal system and peasants revolt

Question 45

cultural impacts of black death

Answer 45

catholic church's power decreased as the clergy could not cure away the black death and were dying they deserted villages

Question 46

political impacts of the blakc death

Answer 46

1551 Statute of Labourers - set a maximum wage limit to stop protests and forbade peasants from seeking new masters 1581 Peasants revolt rebellion + end of feudal system

Question 47

what were muck farmers gong farmers

Answer 47

transport waste out of city drain cleaners

Question 48

example of a large medieval hospital

Answer 48

st leonard's in york

Question 49

what was underfoot made of

Answer 49

mud, dung, animal entrails, beer, urine

Question 50

hwo many children died before age 7

Answer 50

30%

Question 51

how many hospitals were started between 1000-1500

Answer 51

700

Question 52

how many physicians were there in 1300

Answer 52

less than 100

Question 53

what did hugh of lucca and his son theodoric do

Answer 53

questioned galen's ideas that pus wasnt good dressed wounds in wine to stop infections worked at bologna university in italy

Question 54

alchemy explain

Answer 54

the medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy whose aims were the transmutation of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for diseases. was used in Islamic nations and meant the creation of distillation, sublimation techniques and even drugs such as benzoin

Question 55

how long did doctors have to train in oxford and cambridge

Answer 55

7 years

Question 56

when were butchers not allowed inside city walls

Answer 56

1381

Question 57

what law was passed in 1381

Answer 57

butchers weren't allowed to operate within city walls

Question 58

what did the town of gloucester try to do in the black death

Answer 58

close off the city as they belived the disease was spread by human contanct

Question 59

who were flagellents

Answer 59

people who were whipped in public to show god their repentance for being ill and being sinners

Question 60

what happened in january 1349 due to the black death

Answer 60

king edward closed parliament

Question 61

what law was passed in 1310

Answer 61

scourign of animal furs was banned in main streets

Question 62

when was scourign of animal furs banned in main streets

Answer 62

1310

Question 63

what happened to cemeteries in the black death

Answer 63

thye were built further from towns as they believed the dead bodies gave the disease

Question 64

how else did people ward off disease - charms

Answer 64

powdered unicorn horns

Question 65

when did john of arderne make hsi anaesthetic and what was it made of

Answer 65

1376 made of henbane hemlock and opium

Question 66

what did physicians carry around to stop miasma

Answer 66

posies and oranges

Question 67

when did the black death arrive in England

Answer 67

1348