elizabeth part 3 Flashcards
differences in protestant and catholic beliefs x3
- transubstantiation
- decorations in church
- bible language
what were the two acts which made the middle way
- the act of supremacy 1559
- the act of uniformity 1559
the act of supremacy
1559
established the church of england
establised elizabeth as the governor but not the head as pope was head
all clergy signed an oath of loyalty to Elizabeth
THIS MEANT SHE BROKE OFF FROM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THEREFORE THE POPE
the act of uniformity
1559
ended quarrels about how the church of england should be run
P - book of common prayer in English
P - clergy allowed to marry
C - crosses and candles
C - altars replaced by communion tables
compromises: christ is ‘present’ in communion, Anglican communion
when was the northern rebellion
1569
when was the papal bull of excommunication
1570
when was the treason act
1571 - if you are out of the country for 6+ months your land will be taken away - stops nobles from raising abroad catholic armies
Denying Elizabeth as the governor of the church would lead to a trial for treason
when was the ridolfi plot
1571
when was the st bartholomews day massacre
1572
when did the first jesuits arrive in England
1580
Priests such as Edmund Camption hid in Priest holes for up to 4 days to hide from law enforcement
when was the tightening of recusancy laws and execution of Edmund Campion
1581
recusants charged 20£
when was the throckmorton plot
1583
when did phillip of spain sign a catholic alliance with france to eradicate protestantism
1584
when was the babington plot
1586
when was the execution of mary queen of scots
1587
when was the spanish armada
1588
when were large gatherings of catholics banned
1593
when does elizabeth die
1603
when is elizabeth born
1533
when does elizabeth take the throne
1558
when was the act against jesuits and seminary priests
1585
all jesuits are ordered to leave within 40 days
when could catholics not travel 5+ miles
1593
how many recusants were in 1603
2% - elizabeth had clearly succeeded because 98% of the population went to church
puritan opposition - walter strickland
1571 - a puritan MP wanted a new prayer book. Elizabeth closed parliament
puritan opposition - pamphlets
1572 - elizabeth ordered an attack on pamphleteers and printing presses who published anti-episcopal system pamphlets
puritan opposition - peter wentworth
1576 - an MP challeneged elizabeth in parliament. elizabeth imprisoned him in the tower of london
puritan opposition - edmund grindal
1576 - he was archbishop of canterbury and was accused of prophesying which is holding bible meetings discussing the bible,
Elizabeth placed him under house arrest where he remained for 7 years until he died. he was replaced by john whitgift, who suspended 300 ministers for not swearing an oath of loyalty
northern earls rebellion
1569 - the duke of norfolk wanted to marry MQS and give her an heir to follow Elizabeth
he was jealous of Cecils power, which was why Robert Dudley was involved
Dudley confessed the plan to Elizabeth -> Duke of Norfolk was captured.
the duke of Northumberland and westmorland were afraid they’d have the same fate so they gathered 5000 people in novermber 1569 to march on london
the Spanish didn’t help as they hated MQS for being french.
Northumberland was beheaded in August 1572.
450 REBELS EXECUTED
the duke of norfolk was released from the tower at the same time, after 9 months of captivity
the ridolfi plot
1571
lot of catholic support due to the papal bull
catholic italian banker roberto di ridolfi wanted Elizabeth assassinated and replaced by MQS
6000 troops from spain would land in essex and amass an army of 40,000 from England
MQS was supportive of this.
Walsingham found out about the plot. Ridolfi escaped, but Walsingham wanted the execution of Norfolk and MQS
Norfolk was assassinated in June 1572, MQS was spared
throckmorton plot
1583
french catholics, backed by the spanish and Papal money would invade England, Elizabeth would be murdered and replaced by MQS
Walsingham discovered this plot
Throckmorton was tortured and executed
MQS was spared and not allowed visitors
babington plot
MQS not allowed visitors so she sent coded letters to Anthony Babington.
Walsingham knew all along
in July, Mary wrote a letter of approval. Walsingham intercepted the two and Babington was hung drawn and quartered in September
trial and execution of MQS
after the Babignton plot, there was undeniable evidence of MQS guilt, in October 1586, she was placed on trial for treason. Elizabeth was indecisive. Cecil prepared a death warrant in DEC and Elizabeth didn’t sign until FEB 1587, she even didn’t seal the warrant to argue she was not in approval of this decision and it was the nobles faults
FEB 8TH 1587 she was beheaded it took
why did the british win against the Spanish armada x7
- leadership
- lack of spanish supplies
- spanish panic
- poor comms
- the weather
- equipment and ships
- tactics
how did SPANISH leadership affect the winner
duke of medina sidonia - he was inexperienced, only did it to gain social standing
duke of palma - he was based in the Netherlands with troops, so comms were bad
how did ENGLISH leadership affect the winner
lord charles howard - he was a good leader and somewhat experienced
sir francis drake - he was extremely experienced and his men loved him. his position was based on merit
how did supplies help the english win
by august, most of the spanish food had rotted which decreased morale and made them vulnerable in their position as it meant they needed to hurry
how did spanish panic help the englsih win
at the battle at the isle of wight, the Spanish panicked and used lots of ammunition, becoming vulnerable, they then needed to meet the duke of palma in the Netherlands more than ever
how did poor comms help the english win
the duke of palma was absed in the Netherlands, so to communicate with the duke of medina sidonia, he would have to sail through the english channel.
how did the weather help the english to win
gods protestant wind blew the ships north and scattered them, forcing them to go home
how did SPANISH ships help england win
they were large, slow galleons
short range guns which could take up to an hour to reload, individually
how did ENGLISH ships help england to win
They were small, fast and agile
they had longer-range guns called culverins which could be quickly reloaded
they had a manoeuvrable single file formation
how did tactics help the english win
english boats sailed in single file lines which were more manoeuvrable,
francis drake also had the idea to send out FIRESHIPS
these didn’t do a lot of damage but broke up the cresent formation, leaving the Spanish vulnerable to attack
when was the spanish armada first sighted
31st July 1588
when was the battle at the isle of wight
3rd August 1588
when did drake send the fireships and when was the battle of gravelines
on the night of the 7th August
on the 8th August
how many fireships were sent out
8
battle of gravelines
8th august 1588
2 fleets engaged in combat
1000 Spanish men lost
5 Spanish ships lost
no english ships lost
the armada’s formation was broken up by god’s protestant wind so they had to sail into the wind to attack the english
tilbury
elizabeth visited her troops in tilbury and gave a rousing speech blah blah blah
spanish armada planning
130 spanish ships
2500 guns
+30,000 troops in netherlands
english planning
no equipment training
20,000 men gathered
34 battleships
trading companies were made to give up their ships - +200 ships
when did MQS arrive in england
May 1568 - Cumberland
MQS life
born as queen of scotland 1542
raised as a catholic in France
foreigner in her own land as they went through a protestant reformation
married lord darnley for a claim to the English throne
darnely killed in fire 1567
married bothwell - they are both suspected for the murder of darnely
fled to england in 1568
house arrest for 14 years
death in 1587
how many rebels executed after the northern earls rebellion
450
