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elizabeth part 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

differences in protestant and catholic beliefs x3

A
  1. transubstantiation
  2. decorations in church
  3. bible language
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2
Q

what were the two acts which made the middle way

A
  1. the act of supremacy 1559
  2. the act of uniformity 1559
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3
Q

the act of supremacy

A

1559
established the church of england
establised elizabeth as the governor but not the head as pope was head
all clergy signed an oath of loyalty to Elizabeth
THIS MEANT SHE BROKE OFF FROM THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THEREFORE THE POPE

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4
Q

the act of uniformity

A

1559
ended quarrels about how the church of england should be run
P - book of common prayer in English
P - clergy allowed to marry
C - crosses and candles
C - altars replaced by communion tables
compromises: christ is ‘present’ in communion, Anglican communion

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5
Q

when was the northern rebellion

A

1569

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6
Q

when was the papal bull of excommunication

A

1570

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7
Q

when was the treason act

A

1571 - if you are out of the country for 6+ months your land will be taken away - stops nobles from raising abroad catholic armies

Denying Elizabeth as the governor of the church would lead to a trial for treason

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8
Q

when was the ridolfi plot

A

1571

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9
Q

when was the st bartholomews day massacre

A

1572

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10
Q

when did the first jesuits arrive in England

A

1580
Priests such as Edmund Camption hid in Priest holes for up to 4 days to hide from law enforcement

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11
Q

when was the tightening of recusancy laws and execution of Edmund Campion

A

1581
recusants charged 20£

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12
Q

when was the throckmorton plot

A

1583

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13
Q

when did phillip of spain sign a catholic alliance with france to eradicate protestantism

A

1584

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14
Q

when was the babington plot

A

1586

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15
Q

when was the execution of mary queen of scots

A

1587

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16
Q

when was the spanish armada

A

1588

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17
Q

when were large gatherings of catholics banned

A

1593

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18
Q

when does elizabeth die

A

1603

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19
Q

when is elizabeth born

A

1533

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20
Q

when does elizabeth take the throne

A

1558

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21
Q

when was the act against jesuits and seminary priests

A

1585
all jesuits are ordered to leave within 40 days

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22
Q

when could catholics not travel 5+ miles

A

1593

23
Q

how many recusants were in 1603

A

2% - elizabeth had clearly succeeded because 98% of the population went to church

24
Q

puritan opposition - walter strickland

A

1571 - a puritan MP wanted a new prayer book. Elizabeth closed parliament

25
Q

puritan opposition - pamphlets

A

1572 - elizabeth ordered an attack on pamphleteers and printing presses who published anti-episcopal system pamphlets

26
Q

puritan opposition - peter wentworth

A

1576 - an MP challeneged elizabeth in parliament. elizabeth imprisoned him in the tower of london

27
Q

puritan opposition - edmund grindal

A

1576 - he was archbishop of canterbury and was accused of prophesying which is holding bible meetings discussing the bible,
Elizabeth placed him under house arrest where he remained for 7 years until he died. he was replaced by john whitgift, who suspended 300 ministers for not swearing an oath of loyalty

28
Q

northern earls rebellion

A

1569 - the duke of norfolk wanted to marry MQS and give her an heir to follow Elizabeth
he was jealous of Cecils power, which was why Robert Dudley was involved
Dudley confessed the plan to Elizabeth -> Duke of Norfolk was captured.
the duke of Northumberland and westmorland were afraid they’d have the same fate so they gathered 5000 people in novermber 1569 to march on london
the Spanish didn’t help as they hated MQS for being french.
Northumberland was beheaded in August 1572.
450 REBELS EXECUTED
the duke of norfolk was released from the tower at the same time, after 9 months of captivity

29
Q

the ridolfi plot

A

1571
lot of catholic support due to the papal bull
catholic italian banker roberto di ridolfi wanted Elizabeth assassinated and replaced by MQS
6000 troops from spain would land in essex and amass an army of 40,000 from England
MQS was supportive of this.
Walsingham found out about the plot. Ridolfi escaped, but Walsingham wanted the execution of Norfolk and MQS
Norfolk was assassinated in June 1572, MQS was spared

30
Q

throckmorton plot

A

1583
french catholics, backed by the spanish and Papal money would invade England, Elizabeth would be murdered and replaced by MQS
Walsingham discovered this plot
Throckmorton was tortured and executed
MQS was spared and not allowed visitors

31
Q

babington plot

A

MQS not allowed visitors so she sent coded letters to Anthony Babington.
Walsingham knew all along
in July, Mary wrote a letter of approval. Walsingham intercepted the two and Babington was hung drawn and quartered in September

32
Q

trial and execution of MQS

A

after the Babignton plot, there was undeniable evidence of MQS guilt, in October 1586, she was placed on trial for treason. Elizabeth was indecisive. Cecil prepared a death warrant in DEC and Elizabeth didn’t sign until FEB 1587, she even didn’t seal the warrant to argue she was not in approval of this decision and it was the nobles faults
FEB 8TH 1587 she was beheaded it took

33
Q

why did the british win against the Spanish armada x7

A
  1. leadership
  2. lack of spanish supplies
  3. spanish panic
  4. poor comms
  5. the weather
  6. equipment and ships
  7. tactics
34
Q

how did SPANISH leadership affect the winner

A

duke of medina sidonia - he was inexperienced, only did it to gain social standing
duke of palma - he was based in the Netherlands with troops, so comms were bad

35
Q

how did ENGLISH leadership affect the winner

A

lord charles howard - he was a good leader and somewhat experienced
sir francis drake - he was extremely experienced and his men loved him. his position was based on merit

36
Q

how did supplies help the english win

A

by august, most of the spanish food had rotted which decreased morale and made them vulnerable in their position as it meant they needed to hurry

37
Q

how did spanish panic help the englsih win

A

at the battle at the isle of wight, the Spanish panicked and used lots of ammunition, becoming vulnerable, they then needed to meet the duke of palma in the Netherlands more than ever

38
Q

how did poor comms help the english win

A

the duke of palma was absed in the Netherlands, so to communicate with the duke of medina sidonia, he would have to sail through the english channel.

39
Q

how did the weather help the english to win

A

gods protestant wind blew the ships north and scattered them, forcing them to go home

40
Q

how did SPANISH ships help england win

A

they were large, slow galleons
short range guns which could take up to an hour to reload, individually

41
Q

how did ENGLISH ships help england to win

A

They were small, fast and agile
they had longer-range guns called culverins which could be quickly reloaded
they had a manoeuvrable single file formation

42
Q

how did tactics help the english win

A

english boats sailed in single file lines which were more manoeuvrable,
francis drake also had the idea to send out FIRESHIPS
these didn’t do a lot of damage but broke up the cresent formation, leaving the Spanish vulnerable to attack

43
Q

when was the spanish armada first sighted

A

31st July 1588

44
Q

when was the battle at the isle of wight

A

3rd August 1588

45
Q

when did drake send the fireships and when was the battle of gravelines

A

on the night of the 7th August
on the 8th August

46
Q

how many fireships were sent out

A

8

47
Q

battle of gravelines

A

8th august 1588
2 fleets engaged in combat
1000 Spanish men lost
5 Spanish ships lost
no english ships lost
the armada’s formation was broken up by god’s protestant wind so they had to sail into the wind to attack the english

48
Q

tilbury

A

elizabeth visited her troops in tilbury and gave a rousing speech blah blah blah

49
Q

spanish armada planning

A

130 spanish ships
2500 guns
+30,000 troops in netherlands

50
Q

english planning

A

no equipment training
20,000 men gathered
34 battleships
trading companies were made to give up their ships - +200 ships

51
Q

when did MQS arrive in england

A

May 1568 - Cumberland

52
Q

MQS life

A

born as queen of scotland 1542
raised as a catholic in France
foreigner in her own land as they went through a protestant reformation
married lord darnley for a claim to the English throne
darnely killed in fire 1567
married bothwell - they are both suspected for the murder of darnely
fled to england in 1568
house arrest for 14 years
death in 1587

53
Q

how many rebels executed after the northern earls rebellion

A

450

history (15 decks)

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