health - industrial

Question 1

what was the population growth in sheffield

Answer 1

12000 1750 -> 150000 1850

Question 2

how many people stayed in a room once in 1847

Answer 2

40!

Question 3

when did cholera start

Answer 3

1831

Question 4

when was edwin chadwich commissioned

Answer 4

1839

Question 5

what was edwin chadwick commissioned for

Answer 5

to write a report about living conditions

Question 6

how many copies of edwin chadwicks report were sold

Answer 6

20,000

Question 7

when were the boards of health set up

Answer 7

1848

Question 8

ohw many towns had health boards in 1848

Answer 8

103

Question 9

when were the health boards shut down

Answer 9

1854

Question 10

when were working class given the vote

Answer 10

1867

Question 11

what was the impact of giving the lower classes the vote?

Answer 11

if politicians wanted to get votes, they would have to improve living conditions for all

Question 12

what was the pop change 1801 ->1901

Answer 12

10 mil ->38 mil

Question 13

what did john snow do

Answer 13

he duducted cholera was water borne by measuring the pump in soho

Question 14

whenw as the great stink

Answer 14

1858

Question 15

what caused the gov to take action against cholera

Answer 15

the great stink

Question 16

what was the great stink

Answer 16

a heatwave that caused the thames to smell

Question 17

how bad was the great stink

Answer 17

parliament had to be shut

Question 18

what did the gov do about the great stink

Answer 18

they commissioned joseph bazalgette to redesign the sewers

Question 19

how many miles of sewers was the new sewers after rjospeh bazalgette

Answer 19

83 miles

Question 20

when were the new sewers compelter

Answer 20

1866

Question 21

how many people died in 1831 of cholera

Answer 21

50,000

Question 22

what did fleming discover

Answer 22

he left a sample of staphycoccus in a petri dish when he went on holid but left his window open. a spore flew in from downsatiras and the bacteira went == discovery of penicillin

Question 23

why was fleming flawed

Answer 23

he was a chemist not a doctor and he didnt really care about proving it to the world

Question 24

when did flemign discover penicillin

Answer 24

1928

Question 25

what did koch also do

Answer 25

he stained bacteria under a microscope so he could see them better

Question 26

what did koch do which proved germ theory

Answer 26

he injected mice with anthrax which proved that bacteria causes disease and they got ill

Question 27

when ws germ theory published

Answer 27

1861

Question 28

when did koch discover anthrax

Answer 28

1876

Question 29

when did koch discover septicaemia

Answer 29

1878

Question 30

when did koch discover tuberculosis

Answer 30

1882

Question 31

when did koch discover cholera

Answer 31

1883

Question 32

how did koch help emil von behring

Answer 32

he helped produce an antitoxin which reduces the symptoms of diseases

Question 33

how was pasteur influenced by koch

Answer 33

he was influenced to make a vaccine for rabies and anthrax

Question 34

what did paul ehrlich do

Answer 34

he tried to discover a magic bullet for syphilis - he tried over 600 compounds but only when sahachiro hata joined the team in 1909, they discovered Salvarsan 606 was successful

Question 35

why was salvasan 606 significant time

Answer 35

the next magic bullet was made in 1935 so the process was clearly hard

Question 36

where were the poor treated

Answer 36

in workhouses

Question 37

what were set up in the 1860s

Answer 37

GPs set up cottage hospitals in rural areas
dispensaries for the poor which were non residential and gave free midwifery and dentistry

Question 38

when was guys hospital founded

Answer 38

1720

Question 39

when was the artisan dwelling act and what was it

Answer 39

1875 - said landlords are responsible for upkeep of properties and councils can demolish slums

Question 40

what was the 2nd public health act and when

Answer 40

1875 - each town must have a medical officer to enforce good public health

Question 41

when was the sale of food and drugs act

Answer 41

1875 - guidelines and regulations for quality of food and medicine

Question 42

what was the industrial period called of surgery

Answer 42

it was called the black period as people attempted more complex surgeries and so the death rates were hgiher

Question 43

how was antiseptic made and by who

Answer 43

joseph lister - heard durham drains were made not stenchy by carbolic acid, so he tried using it on a boy with a fractured leg and it worked

Question 44

why was carbolic acid significant

Answer 44

1/2 of patients died in surgery and 90% of fractured bones had to be amputated

Question 45

why was carbolic acid not significant

Answer 45

people didnt use it thorughly enough

Question 46

aseptic vs antiseptic surgery

Answer 46

antiseptic - little protection, only unsanitary gloves and coats, not washed. they soaked theatres in carbonic acid and many many students watched
aseptic - microbes excluded from the start of surgery + sterilized equipment

Question 47

anaestheitc - nitrous oxide

Answer 47

used on fair ground rides and then used by dentist humphry davy in 1844

Question 48

anaesthetic - ether

Answer 48

used by crawford long in the removal of a tumour in the neck

Question 49

anaesthetic - chloroform

Answer 49

1847 - James Simpson - 1st safe anaesthetic, used on queen victoria in childbirth