health - industrial Flashcards
what was the population growth in sheffield
12000 1750 -> 150000 1850
how many people stayed in a room once in 1847
40!
when did cholera start
1831
when was edwin chadwich commissioned
1839
what was edwin chadwick commissioned for
to write a report about living conditions
how many copies of edwin chadwicks report were sold
20,000
when were the boards of health set up
1848
ohw many towns had health boards in 1848
103
when were the health boards shut down
1854
when were working class given the vote
1867
what was the impact of giving the lower classes the vote?
if politicians wanted to get votes, they would have to improve living conditions for all
what was the pop change 1801 ->1901
10 mil ->38 mil
what did john snow do
he duducted cholera was water borne by measuring the pump in soho
whenw as the great stink
1858
what caused the gov to take action against cholera
the great stink
what was the great stink
a heatwave that caused the thames to smell
how bad was the great stink
parliament had to be shut
what did the gov do about the great stink
they commissioned joseph bazalgette to redesign the sewers
how many miles of sewers was the new sewers after rjospeh bazalgette
83 miles
when were the new sewers compelter
1866
how many people died in 1831 of cholera
50,000
what did fleming discover
he left a sample of staphycoccus in a petri dish when he went on holid but left his window open. a spore flew in from downsatiras and the bacteira went == discovery of penicillin
why was fleming flawed
he was a chemist not a doctor and he didnt really care about proving it to the world
when did flemign discover penicillin
1928
what did koch also do
he stained bacteria under a microscope so he could see them better
what did koch do which proved germ theory
he injected mice with anthrax which proved that bacteria causes disease and they got ill
when ws germ theory published
1861
when did koch discover anthrax
1876
when did koch discover septicaemia
1878
when did koch discover tuberculosis
1882
when did koch discover cholera
1883
how did koch help emil von behring
he helped produce an antitoxin which reduces the symptoms of diseases
how was pasteur influenced by koch
he was influenced to make a vaccine for rabies and anthrax
what did paul ehrlich do
he tried to discover a magic bullet for syphilis - he tried over 600 compounds but only when sahachiro hata joined the team in 1909, they discovered Salvarsan 606 was successful
why was salvasan 606 significant time
the next magic bullet was made in 1935 so the process was clearly hard
where were the poor treated
in workhouses
what were set up in the 1860s
GPs set up cottage hospitals in rural areas
dispensaries for the poor which were non residential and gave free midwifery and dentistry
when was guys hospital founded
1720
when was the artisan dwelling act and what was it
1875 - said landlords are responsible for upkeep of properties and councils can demolish slums
what was the 2nd public health act and when
1875 - each town must have a medical officer to enforce good public health
when was the sale of food and drugs act
1875 - guidelines and regulations for quality of food and medicine
what was the industrial period called of surgery
it was called the black period as people attempted more complex surgeries and so the death rates were hgiher
how was antiseptic made and by who
joseph lister - heard durham drains were made not stenchy by carbolic acid, so he tried using it on a boy with a fractured leg and it worked
why was carbolic acid significant
1/2 of patients died in surgery and 90% of fractured bones had to be amputated
why was carbolic acid not significant
people didnt use it thorughly enough
aseptic vs antiseptic surgery
antiseptic - little protection, only unsanitary gloves and coats, not washed. they soaked theatres in carbonic acid and many many students watched
aseptic - microbes excluded from the start of surgery + sterilized equipment
anaestheitc - nitrous oxide
used on fair ground rides and then used by dentist humphry davy in 1844
anaesthetic - ether
used by crawford long in the removal of a tumour in the neck
anaesthetic - chloroform
1847 - James Simpson - 1st safe anaesthetic, used on queen victoria in childbirth
