Health behaviour Flashcards
The Almeda Country Study (1965) – The 7 Habits of “Highly Health People”
What are they ?
- No smoking
- No binge drinking.
- 7 to 8 hours sleep a night.
- Taking exercise
- Good BMI
- No snacking
- Eating breakfast every day
What is The role of Behavioural Science (Psychology) in Health care -
Carry out research and develop theories explaining why people engage/do not engage in positive and negative health behaviours. These theories inform us about what to target to maximise effectiveness. Use the theories to develop and design psychological-based interventions to support patients in changing their behaviour.
Health behaviour change can be based on intrinsic motivation and self efficacy theory ?
Explain these
1- Intrinsic motivation – Inner drive, behaviour that is driven by internal rewards. People are more likely to stick to a goal is they are intrinsically motivated.
2- Self-Efficacy Theory - ‘Self-efficacy is an individual’s confidence in his/her ability to perform a particular task successfully’. Eg I don’t have the willpower. Self-efficacy is also influenced by the sense of power and control a person believes they have in any given situation. When individuals believe they are powerless, they may also have low self-efficacy for a behaviour. (Internal locus of control)
What is an intervention ?
What is an intervention ?
¡ In medicine, an intervention is a carefully planned process usually undertaken to help treat or cure a condition.
¡ A psychological intervention is a method of inducing changes in a person’s behaviour, thoughts, or feelings with the aim of leading to an improved health outcome
¡ Changing behaviour is not easy, but is more effective if interventions are based on evidence-based principles of behaviour change.
What are the stages of the The Transtheoretical (TTM) or ‘Stages of Change Model’ - (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983)
Why is it important in healthcare ?
By determining at which stage of change the patient is at a clinician can focus their limited time with discussion and support (intervention) that is most valuable for that stage
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation - HERE USE MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING.
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
AND DONT FORGET RELAPSE.
Explain the Health Belief Model (Stretcher & Rosenstock, 1997)
– ALL ABOUT PERCEIVED THREAT.
The likelihood of someone changing their behaviour is based on:
- The perceived threat of their current situation eg overweight.
- The perceived threat is based on a person’s perception of the perceived susceptibility, e.g. obesity is a risk factor of T2DM, but does the patient see themselves as susceptive?
- The perceived threat is also influenced by the patients perceived severity of these consequences eg if they were to be diagnosed with T2DM how would they feel about thi ?
Factors that effect behaviour
-Patients who determine how susceptible they are depending on these modifying factors
- Age
- Gender
- Ethnicity
- Socioeconomic factor
- Level of knowledge
Cues to action (external and internal)
External – media article, PH campaigns, illness of a family member, test results or check up.
Internal – Pain, Tired, Mood.
Likelihood of action
Perceived Benefits – What will I gain from making this change ? Do I think this will make me less likely to develop T2DM?
Perceived barriers – What makes it difficult to change? Time inconvenience, side effects, change to lifestyle, pain, embarrassment.
Explain the Theory of Planned Behaviour.
1- Attitude
- Belief about the outcome if they changed their behaviour in terms of advantages and disadvantages.
- Will losing weight protect them from illness?
How we can deal with this…
- Attitudes – Education
- CBT – challenging and reframing thought patterns
2- Subjective norms
The perceived social norm about the behaviour in their environment.
* If they change their behaviour, how would it be perceived by those around them?
* E.g. family approach to exercise.
* Public Health campaigns – population level – wearing seatbelts – smoking – vaccinations – screening.
3- Perceived Behavioural Control
- How much control a person thinks they have about changed behaviour.
- Self-efficacy
- Motivational Interviewing
- Locus of control
Locus of control
People may believe they have an internal locus of control or an external locus of control.
Internal locus of control - If they believe they are in control, they are more likely to lead to lifestyle change.
External locus of control – people believe that health is out of control. They believe that health is due to genetics, their environment, and finances, and it is less likely to lead to lifestyle change.
