Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Health and the people industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Health and the people industrial Revolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

what were living conditions like in towns?

A

Squalid and dirty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What new technology meant new ideas could spread faster?

A

Telegraph and penny post

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did the population grow to between 1800 and 1900?

A

16.3m to 41.6m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Ehrlich do?

A

He devised the magic bullet, which is the theory that there is a perfect dosage that could kill disease yet not harm the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What did Koch do?

A

He applied Pasteur’s germ theory by finding the microbes that caused anthrax and injecting them into mice to make them ill. He also found the germs for cholera.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When did Koch win the nobel prize?

A

1905

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Pasteur do?

A

He came up with germ theory. He did this by boiling a swan neck boil, and only by breaking the neck microbes would reproduce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When was germ theory published?

A

1861

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is aseptic surgery?

A

Microbes were excluded from the start of surgery, rather than everything being cleaned by carbolic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who was an example of someone who opposed Germ Theory?

A

Charlton Bastion - dominated debate and writing articles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who promoted Germ Theory in England?

A

Tyndall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what did William Roberts do?

A

He developed a Doctor’s version of Germ Theory to link practical research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did William Cheyne do?

A

Translated koch’’s work into English. This allowed people to understand the theory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is anaesthetic?

A

A substance that induces insensitivity to pain by making a person unconscious or numbing a certain area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did people use as anaesthetic before the 1800s?

A

Hashish, mandrake and opium.
They dulled pain, but it was difficult to decide on a dose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What wa the first anaesthetic to be discovered?

A

Thomas Beddoes and Humphry Davy experimented with laughing gas (nitrous oxide) but didn’t see a use for it. Horace Wells - an American Dentist- used it first for medical purposes in 1844

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When was Ether first used?

A

William Clark used it in surgeries on 1842, and demonstrated it publicly in 1846

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What were the issues with Ether?

A

It was flammable and poisonous - caused vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How was Chloroform discovered?

A

James Simpson and friends were experimenting with it and it was knocked over, making everyone fall asleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who helped popularise chloroform?

A

Queen Victoria had it in childbirth - “delightful beyond measure”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When was Chloroform first used in surgery?

A

1847

22
Q

What is antiseptic?

A

Stops the growth of microbes, prevents infection

Kills germs and reduces infection, sepsis and putrification

23
Q

How many hospitals were there in london in 1860?

A

36

24
Q

How were hospitals funded in the 1800s?

A

public subscription and companies

25
Q

What was Laudanum

A

a medicine made of 90% alcohol and 10% opium

26
Q

When did Aspirin go on sale?

A

1890

27
Q

When was the London Hospital Saturday fund set up?

A

1870

28
Q

What was the London Hospital Saturday Fund?

A

Allowed Workmen to donate into it and then arranged hospital

29
Q

What was still common in many hospitals in the 1800s

A

Infections

30
Q

What meant many surgeons weren’t competent in the 1800s?

A

Nepotism

31
Q

What is the General Medical council?

A

established in 1858, it was brought in to regulate the profession and standards of Medicine

32
Q

Who was Sophia Jex-Blake?

A

Born 1840 and was the first female doctor in 1865

33
Q

Who was Elizabeth Garrett Anderson?

A

One of the first female doctors and set up her own practice in 1872

34
Q

Who was Florence Nightingale?

A

The ‘Lady with the Lamp’, she helped in her frontline hospital in Crimea. She believed that hospitals should be clean and hygienic, yet disagreed with germ theory

35
Q

What did Florence Nightingale decrease the death rate by?

A

From 40% to 2%

36
Q

Who was Mary Seacole?

A

British-Jamaican nurse
-born 1805
Set off to crimea using her own money
-largely forgotten in her death in 1881

37
Q

When were some Cholera epidemics?

A

1831-2, 1848, 1854 and 1866

38
Q

What was one reason that cholera was so deadly?

A

No-one knew what caused it or cured it

39
Q

What did the Cholera epidemics cause?

A

-It was a large agent for public healthcare
-New public health acts covering the regulation of drains, sewerage and water supply were established

40
Q

What did people think cause Cholera in 1854?

A

Miasma which led to cleaning of streets

41
Q

Who believed that cholera spread via the water supply?

A

Edwin Chadwick

42
Q

Who removed the water pump handle to prove that the water supply was the cause of cholera?

A

John Snow

43
Q

What did Bazalgette do?

A

He designed a sewer system that used gravity to direct sewage and flush it away at high tide. Cholera never returned

44
Q

What significance did giving working class men the vote have on their living conditions?

A

The government wanted to stay in power and had to make their living conditions better to keep their vote

45
Q

What did the 2nd public health act (1875) say?

A

-Local councils were
forced to appoint
medical officers
-council ordered to cover sewers, provide fresh water and street lighting

46
Q

When was back-to-back building banned nationally?

A

1909

47
Q

What did Joseph Lister do?

A

Developed Antiseptic surgery with carbolic acid

48
Q

What effect did Antiseptic surgery do?

A

-mortality rate dropped from 46% to 14%
-didn’t have to amputate every limb that was damaged
-more ambitious surgeries were carried out

49
Q

What were some drawbacks to Joseph Lister’s approach?

A

-still wore ordinary clothes and no mask - this wasn’t sanitary
-He didn’t understand Germs so couldn’t back up his method scientifically
-What he was proposing wasn’t revolutionary

50
Q

Which doctors played a role in improving Chloroform?

A

Lister improved it and John Snow popularised it.

51
Q

Why did Pasteur develop Germ Theory?

A

from 1857 to 60 he investigated why wine and beer went sour.
-he showed that if air was kept out of a flask, it didn’t go off
-he identified the microbe for making wine go off
-he showed if you heated the mixture, it would kill all microbial growth - pasteurising it

History (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions