Health and the people

Question 1

What did people think caused diseases in the middle ages?

Answer 1

-Bad smells (miasma)
-Imbalance of the 4 humours
-God’s Punishment
-Supernatural
-Everyday Life
Alignment of the planets

Question 2

How was medieval medicine passed on?

Answer 2

-Word of mouth
-Written Textbooks
-Church

Question 3

What were some issues with surgery in the middle ages?

Answer 3

-Pain
-Infection
-blood loss

Question 4

What did Medieval surgeons do?

Answer 4

-Bloodletting
-Amputation
-Trepanning
-Pulling arrows
-tooth extraction
-Cauterisation
-natural anaesthetics

Question 5

Who was Abulcasis?

Answer 5

A surgeon from the Islamic Empire. He wrote Al Tasrif and was considered the father of modern surgery. He invented 26 new surgical instruments and pioneered ligatures

Question 6

Who were some pioneering medieval surgeons?

Answer 6

-Frugardi
-Hugh of Luca and his son Theodoric
-Mondino
-De Chauliac
-John of Arderne

Question 7

which types of healers carried out surgery?

Answer 7

Barber surgeons and Army Surgeons

Question 8

who treated the sick?

Answer 8

-physicians
-barber-surgeons
-apothecary (simples and compounds)
-wise woman
-lady of the house

Question 9

how many hospitals were set up between 1000 and 1500?

Answer 9

700

Question 10

When was St. Bartholomew’s hospital set up?

Answer 10

1123

Question 11

When was the Black Death?

Answer 11

1348-50

Question 12

what were monasteries and abbeys?

Answer 12

Religious houses

Question 13

How many did the black death kill?

Answer 13

40% of Europe

Question 14

Who is Ibn Sina?

Answer 14

Wrote Canon on Medicine - 1m words long

Question 15

what is a vademecum?

Answer 15

a medical book carried by doctors

Question 16

When was the compendium of medicine written?

Answer 16

1230

Question 17

When were public toilets built in York?

Answer 17

1298

Question 18

What percentage of people worked in fields?

Answer 18

85%

Question 19

Why did people not heal?

Answer 19

religious people believed that healing was against god’s will, so just cared for the sick

Question 20

How many books did Galen write?

Answer 20

350

Question 21

When was the first law to keep the rivers clean?

Answer 21

1388

Question 22

When was Avicenna working?

Answer 22

980 - 1037

Question 23

What were urine charts?

Answer 23

charts to diagnose people based on their urine

Question 24

what was the common belief of who was to blame for the Black Death?

Answer 24

Jews

Question 25

Who was Roger Bacon?

Answer 25

Lecturer at Oxford and arrested in 1277

Question 26

What was the most common procedure during the medieval period?

Answer 26

bloodletting

Question 27

What did Mondino do to progress anatomy studies?

Answer 27

He held a public dissection in 1315 - he dismissed any evidence against Galen as the body being wrong

Question 28

Who were gong farmers?

Answer 28

The took the dung out of people’s cesspits to be disposed of - usually into a river

Question 29

What was trepanning?

Answer 29

Drilling into the skull to release pressure around the brain

Question 30

What was Cauterisation used for?

Answer 30

to seal up wounds - burnt the wound closed. It was very painful - some died of shock

Question 31

What stopped peasants wandering around for better pay in 1351?

Answer 31

Statute of Labourers

Question 32

How did Edward I try to cure the black death?

Answer 32

He expelled all Jews in 1290

Question 33

What made monasteries so hygienic?

Answer 33

They had Lavatoriums - waste could be emptied into a river

Question 34

What did Hugh of Lucca and his son Theodoric write?

Answer 34

Wrote a book in 1267 criticising the view of using pus in wounds

Question 35

What did Abulcasis write?

Answer 35

He wrote a 30 volume medical book - Al Tasrif in 1000

He also invented 26 medical instruments

Question 36

What did Frugardi warn against in 1180?

Answer 36

He warned against trepanning