Conflict and tension Y10 Flashcards
When did the Germans sign the November armistice in 1918?
The 11th of November
How many people were killed for each country in WW1?
Germany lost 2.2 mil, England 1m, France, 1.7m
When was the treaty of versailles
28th June 1919
What did France want in the treaty of versailles?
Alsace- Lloraine, to cripple Germany, Rhineland demilitarised, Saaarland occupied.
Why did France want what they wanted from Germany?
Alsace was taken in 1879 from France, they took 1.7 m casualties and they didn’t want to be invaded again
What did England want in the treaty of versailles?
They wanted Germany to lose its navy, but they didn’t want revenge and they wanted Germany to recover economically as they were heir biggest trading partners.
Why did England want Germany to lose its navy?
It threatened the british empire
What did President Wilson want in the treaty of Versailles?
He thought Germany shouldn’t be published too harshly, he wanted to establish the League of Nations, and self governing democratic countries.
Why did Wilson want what he did in the treaty of Versailles?
He wanted world Peace, He believed dictators wanted war and was an idealist. He believed in self-determination
Why did the U.S. not end up joining the league of nations?
The US congress refused to ratify the treaty of Versailles - they believed it was too harsh
What were the 5 main points of the Treaty of Versailles?
Land, The League of Nations, Army, Money, Blame
what land was taken away from Germany?
The eastern portion was given to Poland, the Sudetenland was now part of Czechoslovakia, Saarland was put under control of France for 15 years and returned to Germany in 1935
What were points 2, 4, 5 and 8 in Wilson’s 14 point plan (set out January 1918)
2) free access to the seas (disliked by England)
4) disarmament (disliked by France)
5) Colonies having a say where they want to be (disliked by England)
8) France gaining Alsace-Lloraine (liked by France)
Who were the big 3 at the Paris peace conference?
France- Clemenceau
England - Lloyd George
USA - Wilson
what was War Guilt Clause 231?
A clause in the treaty of Versailles that said that Germany was solely to blame for starting the war
Why was Germany made to pay reparations, and how much were they ordered to pay and when?
they were ordered to pay reparations due to them being held responsible for the war. The figure was announced in 1921, and was set at £6, 600 million - this could not be effected by hyper-inflation then
What was Germany’s army limited to by the treaty of Versailles?
100,000 with no vehicles, submarines or aircraft. They were only allowed 6 battleships
What were the Germans’ reactions to the treaty?
They felt that the fact Anschluss was forbidden and the Sudetenland was given away unfitting for self-determination. They felt accepting all blame was unfair. The loss of 10% of their land meant their pride and economy declined and they failed to pay reparations in 1922-3, meaning the Ruhr was occupied, Germany’s main industrial area.
They were also forced to disarm, and no other country followed through with this so they felt unfairly treated
what was the Spartacist rebellion?
When thew Kaiser refused the Treaty of Versailles in 1918, a socialist revolution caused him to abdicate in 1919. Vigilante groups worked with Freikorps to defeat the Spartacists
What were the Kapp Putsch and the Munich Putsch
The Kapp putsch was in 1920, where the Freikorps rebelled, but the workers strike to stop them.
The Munich Putsch was where Hitler tried to topple the Government in 1923. Nazi stormtroopers took over some official buildings, but Hitler was arrested and tried with Treason
What was the Weimar Government?
A government set by the Kaiser’s advisors, and political parties were elected to the Reichstag (parliament). Eburt was the first president
Why was the treaty of Versailles unfair?
there were no German representatives there, the treaty crippled Germany, it punished ordinary Germans, and the leaders were not removed
Why was the Treaty Of Versailles fair?
Germany did lose, and the treaty could’ve been harsher. The 14 points were refused at first and the Germans calling the treaty harsh was hypocritical, as if they had won, they would’ve imposed a harsh treaty, just like Brest-Litovsk
How did the treaty of Saint Germain, the treaty of Trianon and the treaty of Sevres for Austria, Hungary and Turkey compare to the treaty of Versailles?
They were much harsher as the state was split up, and both lost most of their land, and were limited to less men in the army than in Germany
How did the treaty of Lausanne compare to the treaty of Versailles?
It went back on some of the earlier treaties for Turkey, and was entirely positive.
When was the League of Nations established?
The covenant was written in February 1919 but it was first run in 1920.
What did each of the big 3 want for the L.O.N.?
Wilson wanted a world parliament where representatives met regularly
Britain thought it was a simple organisation that would only meet in emergencies
France proposed a strong league with its own army
What was collective security?
Each member state will defend all other members
What were commissions?
groups set up to deal with a specific issue
What were the aims of the covenant?
1) to discourage aggression
2)To encourage countries to co-operate
3)to encourage countries to disarm
4)to improve living and working conditions of people all over the world
What important countries didn’t join the League?
USA- Congress refused to ratify the treaty of Versailles, in which the League of Nations was baked in. They never joined
USSR- Didn’t want to cooperate with capitalists and they were in a civil war. The
What were the strengths of the structure of the league?
The commissions were very successful. 500,000 refugees were rescued and POWs in Russia were rescued. International Labour organisations improved working conditions and tried t implement the 48 hour work week. Leprosy and Malaria was treated across the world. Slavery was treated as 200,000 slaves in Sierra Leone were freed
