Health and the People: 1800-1900 C19th Changes

Question 1

Who discovered the germ theory?

Answer 1

Louis Pasteur

Question 2

What was the infant mortality rate in 1899?

Answer 2

142 out of every 1000 died

Question 3

What did Robert Koch do to bacteria to make it easier to see under a microscope?

Answer 3

Stained it purple

Question 4

What factors increased death rates during the early use of anaesthetics?

Answer 4

Surgeons wearing dirty clothes, operations carried out in unhygienic places e.g patient’s house and dirty operating instruments

Question 5

Which war was Florence Nightingale a nurse in?

Answer 5

The Crimean War

Question 6

Who wrote the famous book ‘The Book of Household Management’?

Answer 6

Mrs Beeton

Question 7

What controls were put into place to monitor the production of medicines?

Answer 7

None

Question 8

Who was the first female Dr?

Answer 8

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson

Question 9

What did James Simpson introduce?

Answer 9

Chloroform

Question 10

Who popularised the use of chloroform?

Answer 10

Queen Victoria - the birth of her eighth child in 1853

Question 11

Who first used carbolic acid as an antiseptic?

Answer 11

Joseph Lister

Question 12

What was ‘phossy jaw’?

Answer 12

Fumes from factories making match sticks saw the phosphorous cause jaws to be eaten away or to glow greenish-white in the dark.

Question 13

In what year was the first Cholera outbreak?

Answer 13

1831

Question 14

Who investigated Cholera to find out what caused it?

Answer 14

John Snow.

Question 15

Who ensured it was compulsory to register births, marriages and deaths?

Answer 15

William Farr

Question 16

Who wrote the report ‘Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population’?

Answer 16

Edwin Chadwick

Question 17

What year was the Great Stink?

Answer 17

1858

Question 18

Who created the sewer system?

Answer 18

Joseph Bazalgette

Question 19

What was the Great Stink?

Answer 19

Hot summer of 1858 where sewage and dirty water overflowed from the Thames.

Question 20

What did the Second Reform Act in 1867 mean?

Answer 20

Gave nearly 1 million more men the vote most of whom were industrial workers

Question 21

What did Edwin Chadwick’s report conclude?

Answer 21

He concluded that people needed clean water and the removal of sewage and rubbish to stay healthy.

Question 22

What is the definition of Laissez-faire

Answer 22

The policy of leaving things to take their own course, without interfering.

Question 23

Who were the ‘Edinburgh 7’?

Answer 23

A group of women including Sophia Jex Blake who studied medicine at Edinburgh University.

Question 24

How did Koch further develop the work of Louis Pasteur?

Answer 24

Koch perfected a better way of growing bacteria and a way of staining bacteria so that they could be observed more easily.

Question 25

When was the first x-ray machine used?

Answer 25

1895

Question 26

Why was the introduction of gelatin/gelatine capsules for medicine important?

Answer 26

This allowed for more accurate doses of medicine to be taken.

Question 27

In what year was the General Medical Council established to regulate the profession?

Answer 27

1858