GCSE Medicine Booklet 4 COPY Flashcards
Who did St Mary’s Hospital send to study infections in wounded soldiers during WWI?
Alexander Fleming
What germ caused septicaemia / Infections?
Staphylococci
How did Fleming discover penicillin in 1928?
By chance. Mould formed in one of his petri dishes whicle he was on holiday. It had killed the germ inside.
What test did Fleming fail to do which would have proved uesful?
He failed to inject penicillin into the blood stream.
Who developed the work of Fleming?
Florey and Chain who started to experiment on mice and humans in 1941.
Who did Florey and Chain first experiment on?
A policeman who had an infection from a rose. After initial improvement he died as there wasn’t enough antobiotic available.
How did war affect penicillin?
War spread up production due to large injury rates.
Describe penicillin use during World War Two
In 1943 1,000 soldiers were helped but by 1945 250,000
What % of soldiers would have died without penicillin during WWII?
15%
How did the government help with penicillin production after WWII?
There was a huge sponsored programme to produce the “wonder drug” and it was used to treat diseases such as; bronchitis wounds, abscesses and tonsillitis.
an you name three other antibiotics produced after penicillin?
Streptomycin for treating TB, Tetracyline for skin infections and Mitomycin used against cancer.
Which drug for sleeping resulted in the birth of babies with porly formed limbs?
Thalidomide
Name two antibiotic resistant superbugs.
MRSA and Norovirus
When was the first open heart surgery performed?
1950
When was the first kidney transplant in the UK?
1960
When was the first heart transplant in the UK?
1967
When was the first hip replacement performed in Britain?
1972
When were MRI scans first used?
1987
When was the first full face transplant?
2008
Can you list 4 examples of alternative medicine?
Hydrotherapy, aromatheraphy, hypnotherapy, acupuncture
During World War One, what did CCS stand for?
Casualty Clearing Stations
Can you list 4 technological improvements in medicine during World War One?
Mobile x-ray units, blood transfusions, skin grafts, the Thomas splint
How many men suffered from shell shock during World War One
80,000
Who developed the ‘talking cure’ for shellshock?
William Rivers
Who developed new techniques in skin grafts?
Harold Gillies
In what year were different blood groups discovered?
1901
When anti-coagulant was added to blood, how long would it last?
28 days
During World War Two, how many blood doners were used?
700,000
What was known as the Spanish Lady?
The influenza pandemic 1918-1919
How many people died in the flu pandemic 1918-1919
20-40 million (mostly 20-40 year olds!)
How many people died from the 1918-1919 flu pandemic in the UK?
280,000
What was the name of the world’s first test tube baby
Louise Brown
What type of surgery allows you to rejoin nerves and blood vessels
Micro surgery
In what year was DNA discovered?
1953
What scans allow surgeons to see inside the body?
CAT scans and MRI scans
Which war highlighted the poor health British workers
Boer War
Name two social investigators who highlighted the problems of poverty
Rowntree and Booth
Which political party was elected in 1906, promising social reform?
Liberal Party
What reform did the Liberals introduce to improve children’s health?
Free School Meals (1906), School medical inspections (1907), Children’s Act (1908) and School Clinics (1912)
Which Liberal reform helped sick workers avoid starvation?
National Insurance Act Part 1 (1911)
Which Liberal reform helped the elderly?
Pensions Act (1909)
Who wrote a report about the state of Britain during World War Two?
Sir William Beveridge (1942)
How many copies of the Beveridge Report were sold in the first month?
100,000
What did Beveridge say were the 5 giants of poverty?
Disease, want (need), ignorance, idleness and squalor (poor living conditions)
When was the National Health Service (NHS) set up?
4th July, 1948
How many new towns were built by 1948 and how many council homes build per year?
12 new towns and 280,000 council homes per year
Before the NHS, how many people had never seen a doctor?
8 million
How has life expectancy changed for men and women since 1948?
Women from 66 to 83 and men from 64 to 79
When were charges first introduced for the NHS?
1952 - charges for glasses introduced, prescriptions cost 1s and dental treatment cost £1
In December 1952, how many people were affected by the ‘killer smog’?
12,000 people died and 100,000 were taken ill
When did the government pass the Clean Air Acts?
1956 and 1968 which tried to reduce the number of coal fires
When was smoking in public places banned and smoking in cars with a child passenger?
2007 (public places) and 2015 (in cars with a child passenger)
By 2014, how many people had died from AIDS
40 million
How many in people in Britain currently have AIDS?
100,000
