Health And Non Communicable Disease

Question 1

What are non communicable diseases

Answer 1

Not caused by pathogens
Not infectious
Not passed from one person to another

Question 2

Examples of non communicable disease

Answer 2

Cancer
Diabetes
Heart disease
Asthma

Question 3

Non communicable diseases affect more people because

Answer 3

Affect both individuals and families
Cause loss of income if cannot work
Costs to NHS

Question 4

What are risk factors

Answer 4

Aspects of lifestyle and environment link to disease
Differ from disease to disease
Eg diet - sugary food, excess alcohol, smoking, sunbeds, red meat, poor exercise
Stress - exams, money, work can cause heart disease, cancer and mental problems strokes and anorexia
Life situations - grief, lack of health care, poverty

Question 5

What is a correlation

Answer 5

Where there is a link between a risk factor and increased likelihood of developing disease
Eg lack of exercise increases risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 6

What is a causal link

Answer 6

One factor leads to the disease
Smoking and lung cancer because tobacco contains carcinogens which lead to cancer
Diet, smoking and exercise on cardiovascular disease
Obesity as a risk factor of type 2 diabetes
Alcohol on liver and brain function
Smoking and alcohol on unborn babies
Carcinogens eg radiation risk in cancer

Question 7

What happens in heart disease

Answer 7

Layers of fatty material build up inside coronary arteries narrowing them
Reduces blood flow and causing lack of oxygen for the heart

Question 8

How is heart disease treated

Answer 8

Stents keep arteries open
Statins reduce blood cholesterol levels to slow fatty deposit build up
Heart valves may be faulty or develop leak - can be replaced by biological or mechanical valves
Artificial valve not perfect substitute
Heart valves corrode and wear out due to repeated use
Donor heart and lungs can be transplanted if heart failure
Artificial heart can be used to allow heart to rest and recover

Question 9

What is health

Answer 9

State of physical and mental well being
Diseases are major causes of ill health
Other factors including stress and diet may affect physical and mental health
Defects in immune system may make someone more likely to suffer infectious disease
Viruses living in cells can trigger cancer
Immune reactions to pathogens can cause allergies eg asthma, skin rash
Ill health can cause mental illness

Question 10

Sampling risk factors

Answer 10

Interpret information on risk factors to see how they link to disease as a combination of factors
Scatter diagrams show correlations of risk factors