Health And Communicable disease Flashcards
What is health
Health is a state of physical and mental wellbeing
What is the difference between a communicable and non communicable disease
Communicable can be passed on caused by pathogens
Non communicable cannot be passed on - not caused by pathogens or infections
Define pathogen
Micro organisms that cause infectious diseases
Depend on their host to provide conditions and nutrients
Can be spread by water or air
Produce toxins that damage tissue and make us feel ill
Avoid disease by avoiding contact with pathogens - stops disease spreading
Immune system usually can destroy pathogen and prevent disease
Eg bacteria, fungi, protists, virus
How do pathogens cause disease
- Damaging cells - viruses live and reproduce inside cells damaging and destroying them
- Bacteria produces toxins that affect body and make you feel ill
Why does a person feel ill only a few days after they are infected
When pathogen enters body bacteria will reproduce by binary fission and virus by reproduction within body cells.
It reproduces quickly but takes a few days for illness to be felt
Viral diseases : Measles - features?
Virus
Spread by inhalation of droplets via coughs and sneezes
Symptoms - fever, red skin rash, blindness, brain damage, can be fatal
Treatment- none, isolate person, vaccinate children to prevent
HIV features?
Virus
Sexual contact, exchange of bodily fluids, blood and breastmilk
Symptoms- mild flu but immune system destroyed so cannot fight infection and can die
Treatment - no cure, no vaccine, prevented by screening and not sharing fluids but drugs can treat
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) features - widespread plant pathogen affecting any species including tomatoes
Virus
Contact - insects are vectors
Symptoms = mosaic pattern of discoloured leaves and plants stopping photosynthesis
No treatment- good hygiene and pest control, TMV resistant plants now exist
Salmonella features
Bacteria
Eating uncooked food, so bacteria not cooked
Fever cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
prevention -Poultry are vaccinated- good food prep
Treatment-Rehydration of patient
Gonorrhoea features
Bacteria
Sexually transmitted disease
Think yellow,green discharge pain on urination
treatment - Antibiotics and safe sex
Rose black spot
Fungi Spores spread by wind and rain drops Purple or black spot on leaves, leaves turn yellow drop early and weaken plants Chemical fungicide treat Remove and burn infected leaves
Malaria
Protist Parasites eg mosquitoes are the vectors Fever, liver and red blood cell damage Treated and prevented by drugs, mosquito nets and insecticide Avoid being bitten
What do antibiotics do
Antibiotics enhance body’s immune system
Some pathogens are now immune to antibiotics so they no longer work
Need to find new antibiotics
