Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes
Proteins responsible for various metabolic reactions in our bodies
They are biological catalysts
What do proteins do?
There are many types of protein They have a number of different roles 1. Structure 2. Hormones 3. Antibodies 4. Catalysts
What is an enzyme-substrate complex?
Where substrate and enzyme bind together so that a reaction can occur
How do they bind ?
The substrate is a specific shape so it can fit into the active site of the enzyme
What is a catalyst?
A substance which changes the rate of a reaction without being changed or used up itself in the reaction
What is activation energy?
The energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place
What is an active site
The special site in the structure of the enzyme where the substrate binds
What key factors affect enzyme reactions
Temperature
pH
How does temperature affect enzyme reactions
As temperature increases the rate of reaction increases as molecules have more energy and are more likely to collide
Optimum temperate equals maximium rate of reaction
Enzymes In humans = 37c
Higher then 37c it starts to denature and cannot bind with substrate
How does pH affect enzyme reaction rate
The enzyme trypsin only functions in the stomach where it is acidic pH2
Amylase works in the small intestine pH〰️8
What are enzymes made of
Amino acids
What is protease? 1 Found in 2 Substrate 3 Product 4 Advantage
Produced by stomach, small intestine and pancreas
Catalyst breakdown of proteins into amino acids in stomach and small intestine
1 Found in baby food
2 protein
3 amino acids
4 babies cannot digest without it
Carbohydrase
?
Lactase
Substrate is lactose
Isomerise
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