Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes
Proteins responsible for various metabolic reactions in our bodies
They are biological catalysts
What do proteins do?
There are many types of protein They have a number of different roles 1. Structure 2. Hormones 3. Antibodies 4. Catalysts
What is an enzyme-substrate complex?
Where substrate and enzyme bind together so that a reaction can occur
How do they bind ?
The substrate is a specific shape so it can fit into the active site of the enzyme
What is a catalyst?
A substance which changes the rate of a reaction without being changed or used up itself in the reaction
What is activation energy?
The energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place
What is an active site
The special site in the structure of the enzyme where the substrate binds
What key factors affect enzyme reactions
Temperature
pH
How does temperature affect enzyme reactions
As temperature increases the rate of reaction increases as molecules have more energy and are more likely to collide
Optimum temperate equals maximium rate of reaction
Enzymes In humans = 37c
Higher then 37c it starts to denature and cannot bind with substrate
How does pH affect enzyme reaction rate
The enzyme trypsin only functions in the stomach where it is acidic pH2
Amylase works in the small intestine pH〰️8
What are enzymes made of
Amino acids
What is protease? 1 Found in 2 Substrate 3 Product 4 Advantage
Produced by stomach, small intestine and pancreas
Catalyst breakdown of proteins into amino acids in stomach and small intestine
1 Found in baby food
2 protein
3 amino acids
4 babies cannot digest without it
Carbohydrase
?
Lactase
Substrate is lactose
Isomerise
!
Lipase
Produced by pancreas and small intestine
Catalyst breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol in small intestine
Found in washing powder
Substrate - fat
Product - fatty acids and glycerol
Breaks down stains
What does pepsin do?
Breaks down proteins into protease
Amylase
Produced in salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
Catalysts break down starch into sugars in mouth and small intestine
Stomach also produces…
Hydrochloric acid as enzymes work best in acid conditions
What does liver do
Produces bile stored in gall bladder until release into small intestine
What does bile do
Neutralises acid added to food in stomach
Alkaline conditions and large surface area increase rate of fat breakdown by lipase
