Headaches

Question 1

______ type headache is the most common and is characterized by its bilateral location and pressing/quality that ranges from mild to moderate intensity

Answer 1

Tension

Question 2

There is no ______ (early manifestation of impending disease) in tension type headache. It does not involve nausea or vomiting let me have ______ or ______.

Answer 2

Prodrome
Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
Phonophobia (sensitivity to sound)

Question 3

Careful ______ taking is probably the most important tool for diagnosing tension type headache.

Answer 3

History

Question 4

______ headache is a recurring headache character rest by unilateral throbbing/pulsing pain, triggering event, strong family history, and manifestations associated with neurologic and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

Answer 4

Migraine

Question 5

The ______ of migraines is not known, however may be ______ by foods, hormonal fluctuation, head trauma, physical exertion, fatigue, stress, and drugs.

Answer 5

Etiology

Triggered or Precipitated

Question 6

Migraines can be preceded by ______ and ______.

Answer 6

Prodrome

Aura

Question 7

The ______ may include neurologic (e.g. photophobia), psychologic (e.g. hyperactivity, irritability), and other (e.g. food craving) manifestations. The ______ immediately precedes the HA and may last 10-30 minutes before the start of the HA

Answer 7

Prodrome

Aura

Question 8

An aura is a complex of neurologic symptoms characterized by ______ (e.g. bright lights, scotomas (patchy blindness), visual distortions, zigzag lines), ______ (hearing voices or sounds that do not exist, strange smells), and/or ______ (e.g. weakness, paralysis, feeling that limbs are not moving) phenomena.

Answer 8

Visual

Sensory

Motor

Question 9

Migraines are subdivided into categories. The two most important are those with ______ (classic migraine) and those without ______ (most common, formerly called common migraine)

Answer 9

Aura

Aura

Question 10

Not all migraine headaches are ______. There is no specific test for migraine headache.

Answer 10

Disabling

Question 11

______ headaches are a rare form of headache that involve repeated headaches that can occur for weeks to months at a time, followed by periods of remission.

Answer 11

Cluster

Question 12

Neither the cause nor the pathophysiologic mechanism of cluster headache is fully known. The pain of cluster headache is ______ and ______.

Answer 12

Sharp

Stabbing

Question 13

Cluster headache is one of the most severe forms of headache, with ______ pain lasting from a few minutes to 3 hours. They can occur every other day and as much as ______ times a day with regularity usually at the same ______ each day lasting 2 weeks to 3 months. Then remission that lasts for ______ to ______.

Answer 13

Intense
Eight
Time
Months
Years

Question 14

HA can accompany subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumors, other intracranial masses, arteritis, vascular abnormalities, trigeminal neuralgia, diseases of the eyes/nose/teeth, and systemic illness

Answer 14

Therapy for headaches includes drugs, meditation, yoga, biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation therapy, acupuncture, acupuncture and hypnosis

Question 15

Drug treatment for the ______ type HA involve a non-opioid analgesic used in combination with a sedative, muscle relaxant, tranquilizer, or codeine.

Answer 15

Tension

Question 16

Patients with a mild to moderate ______ can obtain relief with aspirin or acetaminophen. For moderate to severe headaches the ______ have become the first line of therapy.

Answer 16

Migraine

Triptans (Imitrex (Sumatriptan))

Question 17

The triptans reduce the neurogenic ______ of the cerebral blood vessels and produce ______.

Answer 17

Inflammation

Vasoconstriction

Question 18

Topiramate (Topamax), an anti-seizure drug, taking daily has been shown to be an effective therapy for ______ prevention. Another drug used for prevention is Divalproex sodium (Depakote)

Answer 18

Migraine

Question 19

Antihypertensives such as beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARB’s have also been used for headache prevention.

Answer 19

Antidepressants are also used in migraine prophylaxis, including tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as Fluoxetine (Prozac).

Question 20

Because cluster headaches occur suddenly, often at night, and are not long-lasting, ______ therapy is not as useful as for the other types of headaches. Inhalation of 100% oxygen may give relief by causing vasoconstriction and increasing synthesis of serotonin in the CNS.

Answer 20

Drug

However, the triptans are also effective in treating acute cluster headaches

Question 21

Cluster HA ______ drugs may include verapamil, lithium, ergotamine, divalproex, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 21

Prophylactic

Question 22

Patient teaching guide

1. Keep a ______ or ______ of headaches and possible precipitating events

Answer 22

Diary

Calendar

Question 23

Patient teaching guide

2. Avoid factors that can trigger a headache such as

Answer 23

Food containing amines, fermented or marinated foods, caffeine, oranges, tomatoes, aspartame, nicotine, ice cream, alcohol, emotional stress, fatigue, drugs

Question 24

Patient teaching guide

3. learn the purpose, action, dosage, and side effects of drugs taken.
4. self administer Imitrex _____ if prescribed
5. use ______ reduction techniques
6. participate in regular ______

Answer 24

Subcutaneously

Stress

Exercise

Question 25

Patient teaching guide

7. Contact healthcare provider if the following occur

Answer 25

1. Sx become more severe, last longer than usual, or are resistant to medication
2. Nausea and vomiting, changing vision, or fever occurs with the HA
3. Problems with drugs