Headaches Flashcards
______ type headache is the most common and is characterized by its bilateral location and pressing/quality that ranges from mild to moderate intensity
Tension
There is no ______ (early manifestation of impending disease) in tension type headache. It does not involve nausea or vomiting let me have ______ or ______.
Prodrome
Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
Phonophobia (sensitivity to sound)
Careful ______ taking is probably the most important tool for diagnosing tension type headache.
History
______ headache is a recurring headache character rest by unilateral throbbing/pulsing pain, triggering event, strong family history, and manifestations associated with neurologic and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
Migraine
The ______ of migraines is not known, however may be ______ by foods, hormonal fluctuation, head trauma, physical exertion, fatigue, stress, and drugs.
Etiology
Triggered or Precipitated
Migraines can be preceded by ______ and ______.
Prodrome
Aura
The ______ may include neurologic (e.g. photophobia), psychologic (e.g. hyperactivity, irritability), and other (e.g. food craving) manifestations. The ______ immediately precedes the HA and may last 10-30 minutes before the start of the HA
Prodrome
Aura
An aura is a complex of neurologic symptoms characterized by ______ (e.g. bright lights, scotomas (patchy blindness), visual distortions, zigzag lines), ______ (hearing voices or sounds that do not exist, strange smells), and/or ______ (e.g. weakness, paralysis, feeling that limbs are not moving) phenomena.
Visual
Sensory
Motor
Migraines are subdivided into categories. The two most important are those with ______ (classic migraine) and those without ______ (most common, formerly called common migraine)
Aura
Aura
Not all migraine headaches are ______. There is no specific test for migraine headache.
Disabling
______ headaches are a rare form of headache that involve repeated headaches that can occur for weeks to months at a time, followed by periods of remission.
Cluster
Neither the cause nor the pathophysiologic mechanism of cluster headache is fully known. The pain of cluster headache is ______ and ______.
Sharp
Stabbing
Cluster headache is one of the most severe forms of headache, with ______ pain lasting from a few minutes to 3 hours. They can occur every other day and as much as ______ times a day with regularity usually at the same ______ each day lasting 2 weeks to 3 months. Then remission that lasts for ______ to ______.
Intense Eight Time Months Years
HA can accompany subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumors, other intracranial masses, arteritis, vascular abnormalities, trigeminal neuralgia, diseases of the eyes/nose/teeth, and systemic illness
Therapy for headaches includes drugs, meditation, yoga, biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation therapy, acupuncture, acupuncture and hypnosis
Drug treatment for the ______ type HA involve a non-opioid analgesic used in combination with a sedative, muscle relaxant, tranquilizer, or codeine.
Tension
Patients with a mild to moderate ______ can obtain relief with aspirin or acetaminophen. For moderate to severe headaches the ______ have become the first line of therapy.
Migraine
Triptans (Imitrex (Sumatriptan))
The triptans reduce the neurogenic ______ of the cerebral blood vessels and produce ______.
Inflammation
Vasoconstriction
Topiramate (Topamax), an anti-seizure drug, taking daily has been shown to be an effective therapy for ______ prevention. Another drug used for prevention is Divalproex sodium (Depakote)
Migraine
Antihypertensives such as beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARB’s have also been used for headache prevention.
Antidepressants are also used in migraine prophylaxis, including tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as Fluoxetine (Prozac).
Because cluster headaches occur suddenly, often at night, and are not long-lasting, ______ therapy is not as useful as for the other types of headaches. Inhalation of 100% oxygen may give relief by causing vasoconstriction and increasing synthesis of serotonin in the CNS.
Drug
However, the triptans are also effective in treating acute cluster headaches
Cluster HA ______ drugs may include verapamil, lithium, ergotamine, divalproex, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Prophylactic
Patient teaching guide
1. Keep a ______ or ______ of headaches and possible precipitating events
Diary
Calendar
Patient teaching guide
2. Avoid factors that can trigger a headache such as
Food containing amines, fermented or marinated foods, caffeine, oranges, tomatoes, aspartame, nicotine, ice cream, alcohol, emotional stress, fatigue, drugs
Patient teaching guide
- learn the purpose, action, dosage, and side effects of drugs taken.
- self administer Imitrex _____ if prescribed
- use ______ reduction techniques
- participate in regular ______
Subcutaneously
Stress
Exercise
Patient teaching guide
7. Contact healthcare provider if the following occur
- Sx become more severe, last longer than usual, or are resistant to medication
- Nausea and vomiting, changing vision, or fever occurs with the HA
- Problems with drugs
