Brain Tumors

Question 1

Brain tumors may be primary, arising from tissues within the ______, or secondary, resulting from ______.

Answer 1

Brain

Metastasis

Question 2

The most common primary brain tumors originate in ______. These tumors are called ______.

Answer 2

Astrocytes

Gliomas

Question 3

Brain tumors rarely metastasize outside of the ______.

Answer 3

CNS

Question 4

______ is a common problem. ______ are common in gliomas. Nausea and vomiting can occur from increased ______. Cognitive dysfunction, personality changes, muscle weakness, sensory losses, aphagia, and visual-spatial dysfunction are also manifestations of brain tumors

Answer 4

Headache

Seizures

ICP

Question 5

If the tumor mass obstructs the ventricles _______ can occur. Unless treated, all brain tumors were eventually cause death from increasing tumor volume leading to increased ______.

Answer 5

Hydrocephalus (can be treated with placement of a ventricular shunt)

ICP

Question 6

New onset of ______ or adult onset of ______ can be indicative of a brain tumor. ______ and ______ allows for detection a very small tumors. ______ and brain ______ are used to diagnose the location of the lesion.

Answer 6

Seizures, Migraines
MRI, PET
CT, Scanning
(the correct diagnosis can be made by obtaining tissue for histologic study which is done at time of surgery)

Question 7

Treatment goals for a brain tumor are aimed at (3)

Answer 7

1. identifying tumor type and location
2. removing or decreasing tumor mass
3. preventing or managing increased ICP

Question 8

______ ______ is the preferred treatment for brain tumors.

Answer 8

Surgical removal

Question 9

_______ surgical techniques are used with greater frequency to perform a biopsy and remove small brain tumors

Answer 9

Stereotactic

Question 10

Meningiomas and oligodendrogliomas can usually be ______ removed, whereas the more invasive gliomas and medulloblastomas can be only ______ removed

Answer 10

Completely

Partially

Question 11

Surgery can ______ tumor mass, which decreases ICP, provides relief of symptoms, and extends survival time.

Answer 11

Reduce

Question 12

______ therapy is used as a follow-up measure after surgery. Cerebral edema and rapidly increasing ICP may be a complication of radiation therapy, but they can be managed with high doses of ______.

Answer 12

Radiation

Corticosteroids

Question 13

______ ______ is a method of delivering a highly concentrated dose of radiation precisely directed at a location within the brain.

Answer 13

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Question 14

The effectiveness of chemotherapy has been limited by difficulty getting drugs across the ______. Chemotherapy wafers can be implanted a time of surgery. Intrathecal administration is another method.

Answer 14

BBB

Question 15

Opening into the cranium with a drill used to remove localized fluid and blood beneath the dura

Answer 15

Burr Hole

Question 16

Opening into the cranium with removal of bone flap and opening the dura to remove a lesion, repair a damaged area, drain blood, or relieve increased ICP

Answer 16

Craniotomy

Question 17

Excision into the cranium to cut away bone flap

Answer 17

Craniectomy

Question 18

Repair of cranial defect resulting from trauma, malformation, or previous surgical procedure. Artificial material used to replace damaged or lost bone.

Answer 18

Cranioplasty

Question 19

Precise localization of a specific area of the brain using a frame or a frameless system based on three-dimensional coordinates. Procedure is used for biopsy, radiosurgery, or dissection

Answer 19

Stereotactic procedure

Question 20

Alternate pathway to redirect cerebrospinal fluid from one area to another using a to port implanted device. Examples include ventricular shunt and Ommaya reservoir

Answer 20

Shunt procedures

Question 21

Intracranial infection, hydrocephalus, brain tumors, intracranial bleeding, skull fractures, arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm repair are all indications for

Answer 21

Cranial Surgery