Breast Cancer

Question 1

A method used to visualize the internal structure of the breast using x-rays is called

Answer 1

Mammography

Question 2

Screening for breast cancer includes

1. Yearly ______ starting at age 40
2. Clinical breast examination (CBE) at least every ______ years between 20-30 and every ______ beginning at 40.
3. Report breast ______ to health care provider. Breast self exam (BSE) is an option for women starting at age 20.
4. Women at increased risk (family Hx, genetic tendency, past breast cancer) talk to provider about starting ______ screening earlier.

Answer 2

Mammograms

3, Year

Changes

Mammography

Question 3

______ are the most easily recognized mammogram abnormality. They form for many reasons such as inflammation, trauma, and aging. They may be associated with pre-invasive cancer.

Answer 3

Calcifications

Question 4

An ______ is recommended as a sensitive screening tool for women at high risk for breast cancer, and women whose ______ or ______ is suspicious for malignancy, or for women who have had an occult breast cancer detected by mammogram.

Answer 4

MRI

Mammography

Ultrasound

Question 5

Biopsy techniques include ______-______ ______, ______ or ______ core biopsy, and ______ ______ biopsy.

Answer 5

Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)

Stereotactic, Ultrasound

Open Surgical

Question 6

______ (Breast pain) is the most common breast related complaint.

Answer 6

Mastalgia

Question 7

The most common form is ______ mastalgia, which coincides with menstrual cycle is described as diffuse breast tenderness and tenderness or heaviness.

Answer 7

Cyclic

Question 8

______ mastalgia has no relationship to menstrual cycle and can continue into menopause. It may be constant or intermittent throughout the month and last for several years.

Answer 8

Noncyclic

Question 9

______ is an inflammatory condition of the breast that occurs most frequently and lactating women. ______ ______ manifests as a localized area that is erythematous, painful, and tender to palpation.

Answer 9

Mastitis

Lactational Mastitis

Question 10

It’s lactational mastitis persists after several days of antibiotic therapy, a lactational breast ______ may have developed.

Answer 10

Abscess

Question 11

______ changes in the breast constitutes a benign condition characterized by changes in breast tissue. (excess fibrous tissue, hyperplasia/proliferation of mammary ducts, cyst formation)

Answer 11

Fibrocystic

Question 12

Manifestations of ______ breast changes include one or more palpable lumps that are often round, well delineated, and freely movable within the breast.

Answer 12

Fibrocystic

Question 13

______ is a common cause of discrete benign breast lumps in young women. 15 to 40 years of age. The most frequent cause of breast masses in women under 25 years of age.

Answer 13

Fibroandenoma

Question 14

______ is a milky secretion due to inappropriate lactation.

Answer 14

Galactorrhea

Question 15

An intraductal ______ is a benign, soft, wartlike growth found in the mammory ducts typically below the areola causing bloody discharge from the nipple.

Answer 15

Pappiloma

Question 16

______ ______ (duct dilation) is a benign breast disease of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women involving subareolar ducts showing inflammatory signs and multicolored sticky nipple discharge.

Answer 16

Ductal ectasia

Question 17

______ is a transient, noninflammatory enlargement of one or both breasts, most common breast problem in men.

Answer 17

Gynecomastia

Question 18

Risk factors for breast cancer.

Sex, Age, Family Hx, Personal Hx, Menarche, Menopause, Pregnancy, Weight, Radiation, Alcohol, Activity.

Answer 18

Female
Over 50 years
Breast cancer in a first degree relative
Previous cancer
Early menarche
Late menopause
First full-term pregnancy after age 30
Weight gain and obesity
Exposure to ionizing radiation
Alcohol consumption
Physical inactivity

Question 19

Breast cancer arises from the epithelial lining of the ducts (______ ______) or from the epithelium of the lobules (______ ______) and may be ______ ______ (within the duct) or ______ (arising from the duct)

Answer 19

Ductal carcinoma

Lobular carcinoma

In Situ

Invasive

Question 20

Management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) includes local ______, ______ w reconstruction, breast-conserving treatment (______), ______ therapy, and/or _______ (Nolvadex).

Answer 20

Excision
Mastectomy
Lumpectomy
Radiation
Tamoxifen

Question 21

LCIS is a risk factor for developing breast cancer but is not known to be a ______ lesion. Therefore ______ treatment is necessary.

Answer 21

Premalignant

No

Question 22

______ disease is a rare breast malignancy characterized by a persistent lesion on the nipple and areola with or without a palpable mass.

Answer 22

Paget’s

Question 23

______ breast cancer is the most malignant form of all breast cancers, but rare. Often described as resembling an orange peel (______ ______). Often mistaken for an infection because cancer cells block _____ channels causing inflammatory changes.

Answer 23

Inflammatory

Peau D’Orange

Lymph

Question 24

Breast-cancer is most often in the upper outer quadrant because the location contains most of the ______ ______.

Answer 24

Glandular Tissue

Question 25

If palpable breast cancer is characteristically hard, irregularly shaped, poorly delineated, non-mobile, and nontender. In large cancers, _____, ______, and ______ of the overlying skin may also be noted.

Answer 25

Infiltration

Induration

Dimpling

Question 26

The main complication of cancer is ______. Other complications are widely ______ or ______ disease which involve cancer growth in the body distant from the breast.

Answer 26

Recurrence

Disseminated, Metastic

Question 27

An ______ (ALND) is performed to determine if cancer has spread to the axilla on the side of the breast cancer.

Answer 27

Axillary Lymph Node Dissection

Question 28

Lymphatic ______ and ______ (SLND) how’s the surgeon identify the lymph node that drain first from the tumor site (sentinel node). Blue dye at tumor site, Local incision at axilla, surgeon dissects blue stained SLN’s.

Answer 28

Mapping

Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection

Question 29

Additional diagnostic studies involving prediction of prognosis should be read on page 1314.

Answer 29

Breast conservation surgery with radiation therapy and modified radical mastectomy with or without reconstruction are currently the most common options for resectable breast cancer.

Question 30

ALND generally involves the removal of 12 to 20 nodes. ______ (accumulation of lymph in soft tissue) can occur as a result of the excision or irradiation of lymph nodes.

Answer 30

Lymphedema

Question 31

Breast conserving surgery (______) involves the removal of the entire tumor along with a margin of normal surrounding tissue.

Answer 31

Lumpectomy

Question 32

A ______ ______ ______ includes removal of the breast and axillary lymph nodes, but it preserves the pectoralis major muscle.

Answer 32

Modified Radical Mastectomy

Question 33

______ ______ ______ can occur following mastectomy or axillary node dissection and symptoms include chest and upper arm pain, tingling down the arm, numbness, shooting or pricking pain, and unbearable itching that persist beyond the normal three-month healing time.

Answer 33

Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome

Question 34

______ therapy can be used as primary treatment to prevent recurrence after breast conserving surgery, adjuvant treatment following mastectomy, how are you today treatment for pain.

Answer 34

Radiation

When radiation therapy is the primary treatment, it is usually performed after local excision of the breast mass.

Question 35

_______ (internal radiation) as an alternative to traditional radiation therapy that uses an implant method or balloon.

Answer 35

Brachytherapy

Question 36

______ radiation therapy used to stabilize symptomatic metastic lesions that often relieve pain and is successful in controlling recurrent or metastic disease.

Answer 36

Palliative

Question 37

The goal of ______ therapy is to destroy tumor cells that may have spread to distant sites.

Answer 37

Systemic

Question 38

Estrogen can promote the growth of breast cancer cells of the cells are ______ receptor positive. ______ therapy blocks the source of estrogen, thus promoting tumor regression.

Answer 38

Estrogen, Hormonal

Drug MOA can Block estrogen receptors, destroy estrogen receptors, prevent production of estrogen

Question 39

______ is the surgical change in the shape or size of the breast.

Answer 39

Mammoplasty