Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EPHE 344 > Head, Face and Spinal Injuries > Flashcards

Head, Face and Spinal Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

two key factors in injury prevention

A

education and protective equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what has been labeled as the silent epidemic

A

morbidity and mortality associated with brain injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what kind of trauma results in more fatalities than any other sports injury?

A

head trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the neurocranium

A

holds the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the viscerocranium

A

contains the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the meningeal layers?

A

dura mater - touch layer right underneath the skull
two layers: periosteal layer and meningeal later
arachnoid mater: all the vasculature
pia mater: closest to the Brain proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the meningeal layers for?

A

providing cushion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

five significant sections of the spine and number of vertebra in each

A

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (fused), coccyx (tail bone, sometimes fused)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many major curves in the spine?

A

2 : thoracic and lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what to do if you see a specific head injury

A

call 911 immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

skull fracture etiology

A

direct low or force that travels for mandible to skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

skull fracture S&S

A

severe headache, nausea
palpation may revel defect or deformity
blood in ear canal, nose, battle’s signs, or ecchymosis (racoon eyes)
cerebrospinal fluid appear ing in ear and nose (halo test)
inability to see or smell
unequal pupils
paralysis or convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cerebral contusion etiology

A

blow to head to skill
in head bleeding
acceleration or deceleration forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cerebral contusion S&S

A 
worsening headache
dizziness, sleepiness, convulsion
nausea and vomiting
dilation of one pupil
alteration and/or deterioration of conciseness
disorientation 
depression of pulse and respiration 
abnoral posturing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Decorticate posturing is

A 
arms like C's
flexion 
arms flexing towards spinal cord 
legs internally rotated
problem with cervical spinal tract or cerebral hemisphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

decerebrate posturing is

A 
arms like e's
extension 
problem with midbrain or pons 
arms straight, hands pronated fists
head and neck in arched extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

malignant brain edema syndrome etiology

A

occurs in young population in minutes to hours following a head injury
in adults: intracranial clot resulting in diffuse brain swelling
swelling from hypermedia or vascular engorgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

malignant brain edema syndrome S&S

A

rapid neurological deterioration progressing to a coma and then possibly death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

malignant brain edema syndrome management

A

with kids closely after a head injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Facial fracture: nasal S&S

A

immediate swelling and pain
profuse bleeding
deformity
crepitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Facial fracture: nasal management

A

upright sniffing posture
two rolled gauze square and tape
refer for physician for reduction and X-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mandibular fracture S&S

A 
deformity
loss of occlusion 
pain with biting
bleeding around teeth
lower lip anesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

mandibular fracture management

A

temporary immobilization with elastic wrap and ice

refer to hospital for reduction and fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

orbital fracture etiology

A

blow to cheek or eyeball forcing it posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

orbital fracture S&S

A 
diplopia 
restricted eye movement 
downward displacement of the eye 
swelling and bruising 
cheek numbness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

orbital fracture management

A

ice and advice to not blow nose

refer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

maxillary and zygomatic fracture S&S

A

deformity
nosebleed
double vision
numbness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

maxillary and zygomatic fracture management

A

control swelling and maintain airway
manage open wounds
assume potential concussion
physician referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

mandibular dislocation what joint and how occurs?

A

TMJ joint, generally a blow to open mouth form the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

mandibular dislocation S&S

A

locked open position w?ROM minimal long with poor bite contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

mandibular dislocation management

A

cold, elastic wrap, immobilization and reduction

activity again 7-10 days later

32
Q

dental fractures uncomplicated is

A

broken tooth, no bleeding

33
Q

dental fractures complicated is

A

bleeding and lots of pain, root fracture must be cleared with an x ray

34
Q

dental fractures management

A

dental attention 24-48hrs afterward
fractured pieces in a bag
manage bleeding with gauze
in sensitive to air and cold, root exposed, if not can continue playing

35
Q

tooth subluxation is

A

loose within socket, little or no pain

36
Q

tooth luxation is

A

displacement without fracture

inward = refer to dentist immediately

37
Q

tooth avulsion is

what to do

A

completely knocked out

place tooth in milk or saline

38
Q

eye injuries what they look like

A

swelling
discolouration
penetrating objects
movement of the lid

39
Q

what to inspect for in eye injuries

A

look at globe for abnormalities or foreign bodies
inspect conductive and sclera for haemorrhaging, deforming or foreign body
check for nine eye movements

40
Q

what are the nine eye movements

A

cross then and x then cross eyes

up, down, side, side, bottom right, bottom left, top right, top left, cross eyed

41
Q

orbital hematoma is

A

black eye

42
Q

orbital hematoma S&S

A

blood collecting in anterior chamber of eye within first 2hrs
reddish tinge in anterior chamber, blood may turn pea green
vision partially or completely blocked
photophobia
drowsiness

43
Q

acute conjunctivitis is and caused by

A

pink eye

bacteria/common cold

44
Q

acute conjunctivitis S&S

A

redness, discomfort, eyelid swelling, discharge

itching

45
Q

acute conjunctivitis management

A

avoid contact and no contact lens wearing
isolate towels and washcloths
eye drops prescribed

46
Q

ruptured tympanic membrane causes

A

fall or slap to unprotected ear

pressure variations

47
Q

ruptured tympanic membrane S&S

A 
loud pop heard 
pain in ear
nausea 
vomiting 
dizziness 
hearing loss
visible rupture through otoscope
48
Q

ruptured tympanic membrane management

A

refer to physician

49
Q

Auricular Hematoma – Cauliflower ear cause

A

compression or shear injury to the auricle

50
Q

Auricular Hematoma S&S

A

tearing of overlying tissue away from cartilage
hemorrhaging and fluid accumulation
coagulation and fibrosis occur is there is no treatment

51
Q

Auricular Hematoma management

A

wear proper ear protection
ice and elastic wrap to minimize bleeding
if swelling, refer to physician for aspiration

52
Q

prevention of cervical spine injuries

A

strengthening of cervical or paraspinal musculature
maintain functional ROM
using correct techniques

53
Q

prevention of thoracic and lumber spine injuries

A

avoid repetitive stress
correct biomechanics abnormalities
correct lifting technique
core stabilization

54
Q

common injuries of the spine occur when and are

A 
when normal ROM is exceeded
strains (muscle/tendons)
sprains (joint associated -capsule or ligament)
fracture 
dislocation fo joint 
dice rupture 
burner (neural)
55
Q

muscle strains occur with what two movements

A

hyper flexion or rotation

56
Q

muscle strains S&S

A

pain by be diffuse or localized
pain may be activated with stretching
spasms
potential deferment in the muscle belly

57
Q

muscle strains management

A 
PIER/RICE
acitivity modification 
gentle ROM/stretching 
exercises 
NSAIDS/muscle relaxants
58
Q

ligamentous strains how?

A

same as sprains, just more violent

snapping of head or neck

59
Q

ligamentous strains S&S

A

longer lasting symptoms same as sprains
localized pain and tenderness over the transverse and spinous processes
pain usually arise day after trauma
decrease active and passive ROM

60
Q

ligamentous strains management

A

rule out fracture or further injury

RICE for first 48-72 hrs

61
Q

Cervical fracture MOI

A

over ROM
Axial load: driving right into top of skull
Flexion, hyperextension, rotation and flexion, rotation and hyperextension, lateral flexion

62
Q

how does a cervical fracture occur

A

generally an axial load with some degree fo cervical flexion

63
Q

cervical fracture S&S

A 
neck point tenderness
restricted motion 
cervical muscle spasms 
cervical pain 
pain in the chest and extremities
numbness in the trunk or limbs 
loss of bladder or bowel  control
64
Q

cervical spine fracture management

A

stabilize, collared and spine boarded regardless of level of consciousness
use extreme caution and care

65
Q

Brachial plexus neuropraxia (burners) cause

A

result of stretching or compression fo teh brachial plexus

disrupts peripheral nerve function without degenerative changes

66
Q

Brachial plexus neuropraxia S&S

A 
burning sensation
numbness 
tingling 
pain radiating to all the fingers 
some loss of function of the arm and hand for seconds to several minutes
67
Q

Brachial plexus neuropraxia management

A

return to activity once returned to normal
strengthening and stretching program
paddling to limit neck ROM during impact

68
Q

disc herniation - lumbar happens in what two vertebra most commonly and from what

A

L4 or L5
poor mechanics
typically chronic
flexion and twisting

69
Q

disc herniation - lumbar S&S

A

sharp centrally located pain
radiates unilaterally across the back, glute and down leg
pain typically worsens after being stationary
forward bending and sitting increases pain, side bending away from pain

70
Q

disc herniation - lumbar management

A

ice
ROM
core strengthening

71
Q

Spondylolysis what is it

A

degeneration of the vertebra due to congenital weakness (stress fracture results)
associated with reported spinal hyperextension

72
Q

what is spodylolisthesis

A

occurs after Spondylolysis

when one vertebrae above or below extends bilaterally

73
Q

S&S of spodylolisthesis and Spondylolysis

A

pain and persistent aching low back stiffness with increased pain after activity
frequent need to change position
full ROM with some hesitation towards flexion
localized tenderness and some possible segmental hypermobility
step of deformity may be present

74
Q

spodylolisthesis and Spondylolysis and management

A

strengthening and stabilization exercises

increased susceptibility to lumbar strains and strains

75
Q

what sports at highest risk for spodylolisthesis and Spondylolysis

A

aesthetic sports and collision sports

EPHE 344 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions