Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EPHE 344 > Head, Face and Spinal Injuries > Flashcards

Head, Face and Spinal Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

two key factors in injury prevention

A

education and protective equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what has been labeled as the silent epidemic

A

morbidity and mortality associated with brain injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what kind of trauma results in more fatalities than any other sports injury?

A

head trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the neurocranium

A

holds the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the viscerocranium

A

contains the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the meningeal layers?

A

dura mater - touch layer right underneath the skull
two layers: periosteal layer and meningeal later
arachnoid mater: all the vasculature
pia mater: closest to the Brain proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the meningeal layers for?

A

providing cushion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

five significant sections of the spine and number of vertebra in each

A

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (fused), coccyx (tail bone, sometimes fused)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many major curves in the spine?

A

2 : thoracic and lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what to do if you see a specific head injury

A

call 911 immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

skull fracture etiology

A

direct low or force that travels for mandible to skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

skull fracture S&S

A

severe headache, nausea
palpation may revel defect or deformity
blood in ear canal, nose, battle’s signs, or ecchymosis (racoon eyes)
cerebrospinal fluid appear ing in ear and nose (halo test)
inability to see or smell
unequal pupils
paralysis or convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cerebral contusion etiology

A

blow to head to skill
in head bleeding
acceleration or deceleration forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cerebral contusion S&S

A 
worsening headache
dizziness, sleepiness, convulsion
nausea and vomiting
dilation of one pupil
alteration and/or deterioration of conciseness
disorientation 
depression of pulse and respiration 
abnoral posturing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Decorticate posturing is

A 
arms like C's
flexion 
arms flexing towards spinal cord 
legs internally rotated
problem with cervical spinal tract or cerebral hemisphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

decerebrate posturing is

A 
arms like e's
extension 
problem with midbrain or pons 
arms straight, hands pronated fists
head and neck in arched extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

malignant brain edema syndrome etiology

A

occurs in young population in minutes to hours following a head injury
in adults: intracranial clot resulting in diffuse brain swelling
swelling from hypermedia or vascular engorgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

malignant brain edema syndrome S&S

A

rapid neurological deterioration progressing to a coma and then possibly death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

malignant brain edema syndrome management

A

with kids closely after a head injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Facial fracture: nasal S&S

A

immediate swelling and pain
profuse bleeding
deformity
crepitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Facial fracture: nasal management

A

upright sniffing posture
two rolled gauze square and tape
refer for physician for reduction and X-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mandibular fracture S&S

A 
deformity
loss of occlusion 
pain with biting
bleeding around teeth
lower lip anesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

mandibular fracture management

A

temporary immobilization with elastic wrap and ice

refer to hospital for reduction and fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

orbital fracture etiology

A

blow to cheek or eyeball forcing it posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
orbital fracture S&S
``` diplopia restricted eye movement downward displacement of the eye swelling and bruising cheek numbness ```
26
orbital fracture management
ice and advice to not blow nose | refer
27
maxillary and zygomatic fracture S&S
deformity nosebleed double vision numbness
28
maxillary and zygomatic fracture management
control swelling and maintain airway manage open wounds assume potential concussion physician referral
29
mandibular dislocation what joint and how occurs?
TMJ joint, generally a blow to open mouth form the side
30
mandibular dislocation S&S
locked open position w?ROM minimal long with poor bite contact
31
mandibular dislocation management
cold, elastic wrap, immobilization and reduction | activity again 7-10 days later
32
dental fractures uncomplicated is
broken tooth, no bleeding
33
dental fractures complicated is
bleeding and lots of pain, root fracture must be cleared with an x ray
34
dental fractures management
dental attention 24-48hrs afterward fractured pieces in a bag manage bleeding with gauze in sensitive to air and cold, root exposed, if not can continue playing
35
tooth subluxation is
loose within socket, little or no pain
36
tooth luxation is
displacement without fracture | inward = refer to dentist immediately
37
tooth avulsion is | what to do
completely knocked out | place tooth in milk or saline
38
eye injuries what they look like
swelling discolouration penetrating objects movement of the lid
39
what to inspect for in eye injuries
look at globe for abnormalities or foreign bodies inspect conductive and sclera for haemorrhaging, deforming or foreign body check for nine eye movements
40
what are the nine eye movements
cross then and x then cross eyes | up, down, side, side, bottom right, bottom left, top right, top left, cross eyed
41
orbital hematoma is
black eye
42
orbital hematoma S&S
blood collecting in anterior chamber of eye within first 2hrs reddish tinge in anterior chamber, blood may turn pea green vision partially or completely blocked photophobia drowsiness
43
acute conjunctivitis is and caused by
pink eye | bacteria/common cold
44
acute conjunctivitis S&S
redness, discomfort, eyelid swelling, discharge | itching
45
acute conjunctivitis management
avoid contact and no contact lens wearing isolate towels and washcloths eye drops prescribed
46
ruptured tympanic membrane causes
fall or slap to unprotected ear | pressure variations
47
ruptured tympanic membrane S&S
``` loud pop heard pain in ear nausea vomiting dizziness hearing loss visible rupture through otoscope ```
48
ruptured tympanic membrane management
refer to physician
49
Auricular Hematoma – Cauliflower ear cause
compression or shear injury to the auricle
50
Auricular Hematoma S&S
tearing of overlying tissue away from cartilage hemorrhaging and fluid accumulation coagulation and fibrosis occur is there is no treatment
51
Auricular Hematoma management
wear proper ear protection ice and elastic wrap to minimize bleeding if swelling, refer to physician for aspiration
52
prevention of cervical spine injuries
strengthening of cervical or paraspinal musculature maintain functional ROM using correct techniques
53
prevention of thoracic and lumber spine injuries
avoid repetitive stress correct biomechanics abnormalities correct lifting technique core stabilization
54
common injuries of the spine occur when and are
``` when normal ROM is exceeded strains (muscle/tendons) sprains (joint associated -capsule or ligament) fracture dislocation fo joint dice rupture burner (neural) ```
55
muscle strains occur with what two movements
hyper flexion or rotation
56
muscle strains S&S
pain by be diffuse or localized pain may be activated with stretching spasms potential deferment in the muscle belly
57
muscle strains management
``` PIER/RICE acitivity modification gentle ROM/stretching exercises NSAIDS/muscle relaxants ```
58
ligamentous strains how?
same as sprains, just more violent | snapping of head or neck
59
ligamentous strains S&S
longer lasting symptoms same as sprains localized pain and tenderness over the transverse and spinous processes pain usually arise day after trauma decrease active and passive ROM
60
ligamentous strains management
rule out fracture or further injury | RICE for first 48-72 hrs
61
Cervical fracture MOI
over ROM Axial load: driving right into top of skull Flexion, hyperextension, rotation and flexion, rotation and hyperextension, lateral flexion
62
how does a cervical fracture occur
generally an axial load with some degree fo cervical flexion
63
cervical fracture S&S
``` neck point tenderness restricted motion cervical muscle spasms cervical pain pain in the chest and extremities numbness in the trunk or limbs loss of bladder or bowel control ```
64
cervical spine fracture management
stabilize, collared and spine boarded regardless of level of consciousness use extreme caution and care
65
Brachial plexus neuropraxia (burners) cause
result of stretching or compression fo teh brachial plexus | disrupts peripheral nerve function without degenerative changes
66
Brachial plexus neuropraxia S&S
``` burning sensation numbness tingling pain radiating to all the fingers some loss of function of the arm and hand for seconds to several minutes ```
67
Brachial plexus neuropraxia management
return to activity once returned to normal strengthening and stretching program paddling to limit neck ROM during impact
68
disc herniation - lumbar happens in what two vertebra most commonly and from what
L4 or L5 poor mechanics typically chronic flexion and twisting
69
disc herniation - lumbar S&S
sharp centrally located pain radiates unilaterally across the back, glute and down leg pain typically worsens after being stationary forward bending and sitting increases pain, side bending away from pain
70
disc herniation - lumbar management
ice ROM core strengthening
71
Spondylolysis what is it
degeneration of the vertebra due to congenital weakness (stress fracture results) associated with reported spinal hyperextension
72
what is spodylolisthesis
occurs after Spondylolysis | when one vertebrae above or below extends bilaterally
73
S&S of spodylolisthesis and Spondylolysis
pain and persistent aching low back stiffness with increased pain after activity frequent need to change position full ROM with some hesitation towards flexion localized tenderness and some possible segmental hypermobility step of deformity may be present
74
spodylolisthesis and Spondylolysis and management
strengthening and stabilization exercises | increased susceptibility to lumbar strains and strains
75
what sports at highest risk for spodylolisthesis and Spondylolysis
aesthetic sports and collision sports

EPHE 344 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions