Thoracic and Abdominal injuries

Question 1

three body cavities are

Answer 1

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

Question 2

what does the thorax consist of

Answer 2

ribs, costal cartilage sternum, thoracic muscles, lungs, respiratory muscles, blood supply, heart

Question 3

what are the abdominal lymphatic and genitourinary organs

Answer 3

spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, ovaries, uterus, testes, penis, vagine

Question 4

what are the abdominal digestive organs

Answer 4

esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, smaller and large intestine

Question 5

tension/stiffness in top right abdominal regions means

Answer 5

liver damage

Question 6

tension/stiffness in top left abdominal regions means

Answer 6

splenic damage

Question 7

tension/stiffness in bottom right abdominal regions means

Answer 7

sigmoid colon, ovary, pancreas

Question 8

tension/stiffness in bottom left abdominal regions means

Answer 8

sigmoid colon, ovary

Question 9

look at 9 square grid pattern diagram of issues on abdominal stiffness and what internal damage it indicates!

Answer 9

look at it!!!

Question 10

injury prevention strategies

Answer 10

inherent protection of the body
protective équipement
strong musculature
empty hollow organs (stomach, bladder) before play

Question 11

general assessment steps

Answer 11

breathing or difficulty breathing?
dislocation
swelling
deformities?
- protrusions
- symmetry?
- abdominal tight and guarding?
-patient splinting?
monitor vitals!

Question 12

Thoracic internal injury symptoms

Answer 12

cyanosis (blueish color of lips/skin, fingernails/tips)
difficulty breathing 
chest pain wth breathing 
distended neck veins (JVD)
reduced chest movement 
shifting trachea with each breathe 
coughing/vomiting blood (hemoptysis)
potential deformity 
shock

Question 13

abdominal and pelvic internal injury signs

Answer 13

sever abdominal or pelvic pain 
referred pain 
point tenderness 
rigidity or spasm of ab muscles (rebound pain)
blood or urine in stool 
nausea or vomiting 
prolong discomfort 
sensation of weakness
palpable defect or deformity 
distended or irregular shaped abdomen 
shock

Question 14

how to rib fractures occur

Answer 14

direct blow
receptive movements (stress fracture)
violent msucular contraction
-coughing or sneezing

Question 15

what is flail chest and what kind of creating occurs

Answer 15

3+ ribs broken is succession

get reciprocal breathing

Question 16

rib fracture S&S

Answer 16

pain on inspiration
point tenderness
possible deformity with pain 
coughing up blood 
may lean to injured site

Question 17

rib fracture management

Answer 17

refer for x rays
monitor for complication
support and brace, rest

Question 18

what is a pneumothorax

Answer 18

pleural cavity become filled with air, negatively pressurizing the cavity, causing it to collapse

Question 19

what is a tension pneumothorax

Answer 19

pleural sac on one side fills with abs, displacing the lung and heart, compressing the opposite lung

Question 20

what is a hemothorax

Answer 20

blood in the pleural cavity caused by tearing or puncturing of the lungs pr pleural tissues

Question 21

what is traumatic asphyxia

Answer 21

result of a violet blow to compression of rib cage

Question 22

what is hyperventilation and what causes it

Answer 22

rapid rate of over breathing due to anxiety or shock

caused by difficulty getting in air/struggling with breathing, patient panics and rapid breathing occurs

Question 23

S&S of hyperventilation

Answer 23

belching, blasting, confusion, dizziness, palpitation, light headedness, weakness, gasping

Question 24

hyperventilation management

Answer 24

calm the person down
instruct them to breathe through one nostril, in through and out through the mouth or pursed its
normal respiration should return within 1-2 minutes, initial cause must be determined