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Head and Neck Lab Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the optimal therapy for Pleomorphic Adenoma (Mixed Tumor)?

A

Parotectomy

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2
Q

Pleomorphic Adenoma is more common in which sex?

A

Females

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3
Q

Why does Pleomorphic Adenoma recur?

A
  • Microscopic tongues of tumor extend from the edges
  • Difficulty of resection
    • facial nerve
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4
Q

Are Nasal Polyps most commonly due to atopy?

A

No

  • More commonly associated with Allergic Rhinitis
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5
Q

Which sex has a higher incidence of Warthin tumor?

A

Males

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6
Q

In which salivary gland does Warthin tumor almost exclusively occur?

A

Parotid

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7
Q

What percent of aphthous ulcers are familial?

A

33%

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8
Q

Name 3 syndromes or diseases that are associated with aphthous ulcers.

A
  1. IBD
  2. Celiac Sprue
  3. Behcet syndrome
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9
Q

What are the early and late symptoms of laryngeal CA?

A
  • Early
    • Hoarseness
  • Late
    • pain
    • dysphagia
    • hemoptysis
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10
Q

What are the causes of death in laryngeal CA?

A
  • Direct extension
  • Ulceration
  • Pneumonia
  • infx
  • Metastases
  • Cachexia
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11
Q

What are the 3 necrotizing lesions of the nose and upper airway?

A

Necrotizing Sinusitis:

  1. Mucormycosis
  2. Wegener granulomatosis
  3. Extranodal NK / T-cell lymphoma
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12
Q

What lesion is shown?

A

Extranodal NK / T-cell Lymphoma

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Lethal Midline Granuloma?

A

It is a lymphoma of EB - infected NK cells

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14
Q

What is the treatment and prognosis for Lethal Midline Granuloma?

A
  • Radiation therapy for localized disease
  • Tumor spread is fatal
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15
Q

In what context does a laryngeal polyp occur?

A
  • Most common in males
  • Heavy smokers
  • People who strain their vocal cords
    • singers
    • coaches
    • teachers
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of laryngeal polyps?

A

Voice change and hoarseness

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17
Q

What is the common age of primary herpes labialis infxn?

A

2-4 y/o

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18
Q

If a 3 y/o male shows numerous vesicles about the nose and mouth with fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, and irritability, what is the diagnosis?

A

Acute Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

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19
Q

Why are HSV lesions recurrent?

A

The virus becomes dormant in the ganglia

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20
Q

What can activate dormant HSV?

A
  • Respiratory infxn
  • Fever
  • Sunlight
  • Cold
  • Trauma
  • Allergies
  • Pregnancy
  • Menstruation
  • Immune suppression
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21
Q

What are the diagnositic findings of HSV histology?

A

Intranuclear inclusions

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22
Q

How long do HSV lesions take to heal?

A
  • Acute gingivostomatitis
    • 3-4 weeks
  • Cold sores
    • Dry in 4-6 days
    • Heal in 7-10 days
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23
Q

What is the infectious cause of Hairy leukoplakia?

24
Q

In the past, what disease will appear in 2-3 years in most pts w/ Hairy Leukoplakia?

A

AIDS (HIV)

25
What is the lesion?
Sinonasal inverted papilloma
26
Why is Sinonasal inverted papilloma clinically significant?
* Benign but can recur * Can invade orbit or cranial vault * 10% evolve into carcinoma
27
What are the 3 types of Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
1. Keratinizing 2. Non-keratinizing 3. Undifferentiated / Basaloid
28
Where is Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal carcinoma common?
* Africa: children * S. China: adults
29
What virus is associated with Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
EBV
30
Is a dentigerous cyst developmental or inflammatory?
Developmental
31
Why must a dentigerous cyst be completely removed?
* It can recur * Rarely becomes * SCC * Ameloblastoma
32
What percent of all salivary tumors are Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas?
* Up to 15% * Most common malignant primary tumor of salivary glands!!!
33
What abnormal gene is associated with Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas?
* MECT1 * MAML2
34
What is the likely age and sex of incidence of Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma?
Young and Teenage Females
35
Why is treatment of Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma complete excision down to the periosteum?
Due to a 15-20% recurrance rate
36
What is the lesion pictured below?
Carotid Body Tumor
37
What is the adrenal equivalent of the Carotid Body Tumor?
Pheochromocytoma
38
What % of extra-adrenal paragangliomas are found in the head and neck?
70% | (aka Carotid Body Tumor)
39
What is the histologic pattern of Carotid Body Tumor called?
Zellballen
40
Are Carotid Body Tumors typically chromaffin positive?
H&N Paragangliomas typically lack catecholamines Stain negative for chromaffin
41
Are Olfactory Neuroblastomas usually a PNET / Ewing sarcoma type tumor?
No: It lacks 11:22 translocation gene
42
What is the treatment for Olfactory Neuroblastoma?
Surgery, radiation, and chemo
43
From what is an Odontoma derived?
Odontogenic epithelium
44
What is thought to be the true nature of Odontomas?
Hamartoma
45
What is the precursor lesion of a Cholesteatoma?
Otitis media
46
What is the clinical significance of a Cholesteatoma?
It can erode into the ossicle labyrinth, adjacent bone, or surrounding tissue creating a neck mass
47
What is the diagnosis of a cystic midline neck mass?
Thyroglossal Duct cyst
48
What is the treatment for a Thyroglossal Duct cyst?
**Excision**, which may include the **anterior hyoid bone** and **residual thyroid anlage tract** (sistrunk procedure)
49
What is the treatment of an Irritation Fibroma?
Complete Excision
50
What is the most common malignancy in the minor salivary glands?
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma | (aka Malignant Cylindroma)
51
What is the clinical significance of an Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma?
Perineural invasion
52
What is the clinical history of Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas?
* Slow-growing * recurrent * 50% eventually have widespread metastasis
53
What are the serologic markers for Sjogren's Syndrome?
* SS-A (Ro) Ab * SS-B (La) Ab Both are auto-Ab
54
What cancer has an increased risk in Sjogren's Syndrome?
Marginal Zone Lymphoma
55
What is the clinical course of NUT Midline Carcinoma?
* Aggressive * Resistant to conventional therapy * 9 mo average survival

Pathology (27 decks)

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