Head and neck carcinomas Flashcards
What are the most common malignant nasal cavity and paranasal sinus carcinomas?
- cutaneous SCC
- adenocarcinoma
What are the risk factors for nasal cavity carcinomas?
Chronic and/or occupational exposure to tobacco, wood dust, glues, and adhesives
What are the risk factors for paranasal sinus carcinomas?
Chronic and/or occupational exposure to air pollution, tobacco, wood dust, leather, textiles, formaldehyde
What are the most common sites for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus carcinomas?
- Nasal cavity (#1)
- Maxillary sinus
What are the clinical features of nasal cavity/paranasal sinus carcinomas?
- Unilateral nasal obstruction
- Epistaxis (esp unilateral)
What investigations are performed to diagnose a nasal cavity/paranasal sinus carcinoma?
- Nasal endoscopy
- Biopsy and histopathological examination
What is the management of nasal cavity/paranasal sinus carcinomas?
Surgical resection and radiotherapy
What is the most common histological type of lip carcinoma?
SCC
then followed by BCC
What are the risk factors for lip carcinomas?
- Tobacco use
- Alcohol use
- Prolonged UV exposure
- HPV infection
What are the clinical features of lip carcinomas?
- Infiltrative or exophytic lesion
- Ulcer lesion
What investigations are performed to diagnose a lip carcinoma?
- Exfoliative cytology and direct microscopy
- Biopsy and histopathology of the lesion
What is the management for lip carcinomas?
Surgical excision and/or radiation therapy
What are the classifications of tracheal carcinomas?
- Primary (SCC, 85%, and adenoid cystic carcinoma, 15%)
- Secondary tracheal carcinomas (most common)
What are the risk factors for tracheal carcinoma?
- Tobacco smoking
- Inhalation exposure to hydrocarbons
What are the clinical features of tracheal carcinomas?
- Wheezing
- Stridor
- Cough
- Dyspnoea
- Haemoptysis
- Dysphagia
- Hoarseness
