Head and Neck Flashcards
Name the cranial bones that make up the skull.
parietal (2), occipital, frontal, temporal (2), ethmoid (2) and sphenoid (2)
Name the sutures in the skull
Coronal - between frontal and parietal
sagittal - between 2 parietal
lambyoid - between parietal and temporal
what are sutures and why are they relevant at birth
fibrous joints, at birth the bones are unfused to allow them to glide over one another during birth
What is the pterion?
At the squamous temporal bone, where the middle meningeal artery is very superficial, if trauma occurs here, high chance of rupture resulting in extradural haemorrhage
At what level does the common carotid bifurcate?
C4 - internal and external
What percentage of brain blood supply does the internal carotid provide, and what other vessels contribute?
80%, the vestibular arteries provide the rest (branch of external)
Name the branches of the external carotid artery
ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, maxillary, superficial temporal, posterior auricular
what is the cavernous sinus
a large vein in which several veins from the face drain into, lies near the opic chiasm and eventually drains into the internal jugular vein
what structures run through the cavernous sinus
internal carotid artery, CN III, IX, X & XI
what veins made up the retromandibular vein
the superficial temporal vein and the facial vein
how can infections be passed from the face to internal carotid artery
boils or abcess, get infection into facial vein, this anastomoses with the opthalmic vein which drains into the cavernous sinus. the internal carotid artery runs through the sinus so the infection could get into it
what are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve and what do they supply
a - opthalamic, sensory innervation to forehead, supraoribital, lacrimal
b - maxillary, sensory innervation infraorbital, also to all upper teeth via superior, anterior and middle alveolar nerve
c - mandibular, motor to muscles of mastication and sensory to lower teeth, inferior alveolar nerve
in which position is the TMJ most stable
when the jaw is elevated and teeth occluded
what prevents the jaw from dislocation
the articular tubercle, when the condyle of mandible moves forward, this prevents any further movement
why do you need to be careful when manipulating a dislocated jaw back into position?
dislocation causes stretch on the alveolar nerve and vessels, manipulation in the wrong way could cause further damage