Alimentary System Flashcards
Name the 3 divisions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
What is the nerve supply to the pharynx?
Motor - Vagus nerve, CNX
Sensory - Glossopharyngeal, CNIX
What makes up Waldeyer’s Ring?
Adenoid tonsils, tubal tonsils and palatine tonsils
Where can elastic cartilage be found?
Epiglottis
What is the role of the epiglottis?
To move down when swallowing, ensuring no food enters the trachea, only enters the oesophagus
What epithelium is in the oesophagus?
non-keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium
What is Barrett’s Oesophagus?
After GORD, the epithelium of the oesophagus is destroyed, and repairs as simple columnar epi.
Describe the musculature of the oesophagus?
At the top - skeletal, under conscious control
In the middle - mix of skeletal and smooth, transition
At the bottom - Smooth muscle, peristalsis involuntary
What problems are associated with TOF?
tracheal-oesophageal fistula - regurgitation and chest infections
What compartment of the abdomen is the stomach found?
Epiglottis and left hypochondrium
What is the main function of the stomach?
Digestion and churning of food to make chyme
What organ has an extra layer of muscle?
stomach - oblique layer
What does the chief cells of the stomach secrete?
Pepsinogen
What does the parietal cells of the stomach secrete?
HCl
What does the endocrine cells of the stomach secrete?
Gastrin
How is HCl secreted into the lumen of the stomach?
parietal cells take CO2 from blood - use carbonic anhydrase to combine with H2O to produce carbonic acid - H then taken from this and Cl taken from blood
Where does the greater omentum extend from?
the greater curvature of the stomach
What is the blood supply of the stomach?
R. Gastric artery - common hepatic artery
L. Gastric artery - coeliac trunk
R. & L. Gastroepiploitic arteries - gastroduodenal artery
what are oesophageal varices and how do they occur?
increased pressure in liver (portal hypertension) is spread throughout collateral system around the oesophageal and gastric arteries
What is the ucinate process?
An extension of the head of the pancreas, lies behind blood vessels
what type of cells release digestion enzymes in the pancreas?
exocrine cells - acinus
what type of cells release insulin?
beta cells in the islets of langerhans