Clinical Dental Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

What shape of cavity is required for an amalgam restoration and why?

A

a large cavity that tappers out at the ends, amalgam doesnt bind to the tooth, requires mechanical strength to hold it in place

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2
Q

what shape of cavity is required for a composite resin restoration and why?

A

A smaller cavity, starts wide and tappers in at the bottom, the composite binds to the tooth so less mechanical strength required

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3
Q

Describe the acid etch technique

A

once cavity prepared, phosphoric acid is put on to the surface, a bond is then put on, composite resin is then used to fill the cavity, by binding to the bond

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4
Q

what is creep

A

when small, low level forces build up over time (eg biting), cause the amalgam to rise above the tooth surface, which can then be fractured

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5
Q

why is the thermal expansion of materials important

A

ideally want the same thermal expansion as the tooth, after exposure to cold, if the tooth and material expand at different rates, there will be a gap between allowing for microleakage, can result in secondary caries

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6
Q

how can impression materials differ

A

in viscosity

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7
Q

when are more viscous impression materials used

A

initially, to gain an overall impression, less likely to be distorted due to its rigidity

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8
Q

when are less viscous impression materials used

A

too gain more accuracy, can be put around specific areas and then the initial tray inserted to produce one impression with both materials

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9
Q

why do impression materials need to be elastic

A

for removing from the mouth, needs to be able to retain shape after

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10
Q

what must be considered when selecting a tray for impression taking

A

extend past the last standing tooth
cover all the sulci
not be in contact with buccal or lingual surfaces

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11
Q

how are impression trays disinfected

A

rinse under the cold tap, place in bath with disinfectant for 10 minutes, rinse under cold tap, place gauze on impression and place into a sealed bag

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12
Q

what is a high speed handpiece used for

A

removing carious enamel and preparing the cavity

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13
Q

why is water used with the high speed handpiece

A

due to the amount of heat produced, this cools it down

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14
Q

what burs are used with high speed handpiece

A

diamond shaped round or fissure bur - preparing and extending cavity

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15
Q

what is the slow speed handpiece used for

A

for increasing the depth of cavity, being careful not to extend into non-carious dentine

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16
Q

what bur is used with the slow speed handpiece

A

round bur

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17
Q

what is intercuspal position

A

when the mandibular teeth are maximally braced with the maxilla

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18
Q

what is the position of teeth relative to the opposing arch in ICP

A

mandibular buccal cusps lie in fossae of maxillary teeth, maxillary palatal cusps lie in fossae of mandibular teeth, lower incisal edge in contact with cingulum of upper

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19
Q

how is shimstock used

A

10 micrometers thick, when in ICP shouldnt be able to move the paper, if mobile, occlusion imbalanced

20
Q

how is articulating paper used

A

40 micrometers thick, placed between teeth and ask patient to repeatedly bite down, should leave ink on the areas of contact, check all teeth are in contact and there is not one tooth under more pressure than others

21
Q

how is stability of occlusion maintained

A

by opposing teeth or adjacent teeth - prevents over-eruption

22
Q

what is the movement of the non-working side in eating

A

downwards, forwards inwards

23
Q

what is the movement of the working side in eating

A

lateral movement

24
Q

name 3 types of tooth wear and what is associated with each

A

erosion - cupping
attrition - loss of tooth height
abrasion - toothbrush

25
Q

what should be checked in an extra-oral exam

A

facial asymmetry, lymph nodes and temporomandibular joint

26
Q

what lymph nodes are checked in an extra oral exam

A

sub-mental, sub-mandibular, buccal/facial, pre-auricular, post-auricular, occipital and cervical chain down neck

27
Q

what is checked in TMJ

A

muscle function and bulk, opening and closing jaw and listening for any clicking

28
Q

what surfaces are checked in an intra oral exam

A

lips, lingal, palatal, buccal, dorsum and ventral tongue

29
Q

what should be looked out for in an intra oral exam

A

any irregularities, angular chelitis, fungal infections, if the mirror is sticking to the mucosa may have dry mouth, the mucosa should be pink and shiny, any cancers

30
Q

what are the steps for hand hygiene

A

palm to palm, backs of hands, fingers interlaced, backs of fingers, finger tips, thumbs and wrists

31
Q

what are the 5 points that hand hygiene is required

A

before touching patient, before procedure, after exposure of body fluids, after touching patient, after touching patients surroundings

32
Q

what order is PPE put on

A

hand hygiene, apron, face mask, visor, gloves

33
Q

what order is PPE taken off

A

gloves, apron, visor, face mask

34
Q

what bin is PPE put in

A

clinical waste

35
Q

how are sharps disposed of

A

in sharps box

36
Q

what is done with infected instruments

A

put in red box, check list to check what is there, put in with tag and taken to CSSD

37
Q

what order is the unit decontaminated

A

start at top, at light and handles, then head rest, back of chair and handles, then the bracket table, cables, the aspirator and cables, spittoon done last and check for contamination on units

38
Q

when are bitewings used

A

for carious diagnosis, need to ensure no overlap of adjacent teeth or caries may be hidden

39
Q

when are periapical radiographs used

A

to check alveolar bone levels, zoom in to apex and root to check for inflammation

40
Q

when are occlusal radiographs used

A

to check for supernumary teeth

41
Q

when are panoramic radiographs used

A

to check the whole dentition, can check for overcrowding

42
Q

on the clock face, what area is the transfer area

A

4-7

43
Q

on the clock face, what area is the nurse zone

A

2-4

44
Q

on the clock face, what area is the operating zone

A

7-11

45
Q

on the clock face, what area is the static area

A

11-2