Head and Neck Flashcards
Figure B 1 was acquired in the ____plane
sagital imaging plane
Figure B 1 is an example of a ____ weighted image
T 1 weighted image
Figure B 1 is likely to be acquired with ____TR _____TE
short TR and short TE
Figure B 1 arrow A is pointing to
superior sagittal sinus
Figure B 1 the tissue indicated by arrow A is made up primarily of
flowoing blood
Figure B 1 arrow B is pointing to
parietal lobe
Figure B 1 the tissue indicated by arrow B is made up primarily of
gray matter
Figure B 1 arrow C is pointing to
frontal lobe
Figure B 1 arrow D is pointing to
Genu of the corpus callosum
Figure B 1 the tissue indicated by arrow D is primarily
white matter
Figure B 1 arrow E is pointing to
thalamus
Figure B 1 arrow F is pointing to
optic chiasm
Figure B 1 arrow G is pointing to
pituitary gland
Figure B 1 arrow H is pointing to
pons
Figure B 1 arrow H is pointing to a structure that is one complonent of the brainstem. the components that make up the brainstem include
Pons
medulla
midbrain
the components that make up the basil ganglia include
caudate nucleus
lentiform nucleus
thalamus
components that make up the circle of willis
anterior cerebral arteries
posterior cerebral arteries
anterior communicating artery
posterior communicating arteries
components that make up the diencep[halon
hypothalamus
hyperthalamus
thalamus
Figure B 1 arrow I is pointing to
subcutaneous fat
Figure B 1 arrow J
anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
Figure B 1 tissue indicated by arrow J
cerebrospinal fluid
CSF
Figure B 1 arrow K
splenium of the corpus callosum
Figure B 1 arrow L
cerebral aquesuct
Figure B 1 tissue indicated by arrow L
CSF
Figure B 1 arrow M
fourth ventricle
Figure B 1 tissue indicated by arrow M
CSF
Figure B 1 arrow N
Figure B 1 arrow O
spinal cord
Figure B 1 tissue indicated by arrow O
gray matter
likely that Figure B 1 was acquired with
head transmit/receive coil
the best view for the base of the tongue and epiglottis is the
sagittal
to optimize brain imaging when evaluating patients for metastatic disease and FDA approved contrast agent can be administered
with single dose followed by rapid imaging
the patient with a history of seizures can be imaged using cardiac gating
to minimize pulsitile flow motoin artifact in the temporal lobe
the best view to evaluate patients with seizures is
coronal
when a patient arrives at the imaging center with a cranial scar the technologist should
screen the patient, their Dr and or family to find out what tyupe of surgery they have had
when scanning patients to rule out brain tumors, the weithed images acquired to evaluate the extent of the lesion after injection of gadolinium are
T1
when imaging a patient with decreased consciousness an area of high signal intensity is noted on both the T1 and T2 weighted images. the type of lesion is likely to be
hemorrhage
methemoglobin
to best visulaize the pituitary gland in MRi the optimal planes for high resolution T1 weighted images are
sagittal and coronal
for a patient with a suspected pituitary microadenoma contrast is injected and imaging is performed
rapidly because lesions have low signal intensity compated to the enhanced pituitary gland
the optimal plane for high resolution T1 weighted images of the internal auditory canals include
axial
coronal
when imaging the brain of a child under 1 yr of age, since the brain is not fully developed or myelinated, the BEST visualization of gray and white matter differences is demonstrated on ______whereby white matter is hyperintense to gray matter
inversion recovery
typical brain protocols consist of
Sagittal T1 SE
Axial T2 FSE
axial FLAIR
axial diffusion
figure B 2 was acquired in the
axial plane
figure B 2 is an example of a
spin (proton) density weighted image
figure B 2 arrow A
cerebral cortex
figure B 2 arrow A is pointing to a structure composed of tissue made uip primarily of
gray matter
figure B 2 arrow B
genu of the corpus callosum
figure B 2 structure arrow B is made up of
white matter
figure B 2 arrow C
caudate nucleus
figure B 2 structure arrow C is made up of
gray matter
figure B 2 arrow D
internal capsule
figure B 2 structure arrow B is made up of
white matter
likely figure B 2 was acquired with a
long TR and short TE
figure B 2 arrow E
lentiform nucleus
figure B 2 arrow F
thalamus
figure B 2 arrow G
right, posterior horn of the lateral ventricle
figure B 2 arrow H
splenium of the corpus callosum
on a short TR/TE spin echo (or FSE) imaging sequences white matter appears
hyperintense to gray matter
the craniual nerves running through the internal auditory canal are
VII and VIII
the ACR guidelines for brain imaging suggest that the minimum imaging procedure should include a three plane locallizer and
sagittal T1
axial T2
axial PD or FLAIR
diffusion
figure B 3 was acquired in (plane)
axial
typical diffusion images (figure B 3) are acquired with a B value of
1000ms
figure B 3 arrow A
frontal lobe of the brain
figure B 3 arrow B known as
sylvian fissure
latteral fissure
middle cerebral artery
figure B 3 arrow C
third ventricle
figure B 3 arrow D
posterior horn of the lateral ventricle
on a typical diffusion image (figure B 3) the high signal indicated by arrow E represents
early (hyperacute) infarct
figure B 3 high signal in the right posterior portion of the brain is visualized on the diffusion image but not the FLAIR imagebecause
new stroke has restricted molecular diffusion
for the most brain imaging procedures the patient is positioned ______ and centered for a landmark at the _____
supine
nasion
for the evaluation of a patient with tinnitus images should be centered at the level of the
external auditory meatus
for optimal imaging of the thyroid gland patients are positioned
supine and local coils are placed on the anterior neck
figure B 4 was acquired in the plane
coronal
figure B 4 is an example of (weighting)
T2
figure B 4 was likely acquired with an SE or FSE acquisition with a
long TR and long TE
figure B 4 arrow A
superior sagittal sinus
figure B 4 arrow B
longitudinal fissure
figure B 4 arrow C
body of the corpus callosum
figure B 4 arrow D
right anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
figure B 4 arrow E
sylvian fissure
lateral fissure
figure B 4 arrow F
thalamus
figure B 4 arrow G
temporal lobe (hippocampus)
figure B 4 arrow H
tentorium
figure B 4 arrow I
fourth ventricle
figure B 4 arrow J
cerebellum
figure B 4 CSF appears bright becasue
waster has a long T2 relaxatoin time
the difference between the images demonstrated in figure B 5 is the
image on the left shows gadolinium enhancement
gadolinium contrast media provides images whereby enhancing structures appear _____ on T1 weighted images
hyperintense
tissues with short T1 relaxatoin times (fat and gad) appear____as compared to normal structures on a T1 weighted image
hyperintense
brighter
dynamic susceptiblility weighted imaging is performed for the evaluatoin of stroke T2* MR images are acquired before, during and after contrast to provide images whereby normal brain appears ________to brain affected by stroke
hypointense
figure B 5 was likely to have been acquired with a SE or FSE using
short TR and short TE
figure B 5 was acquired in the plane
axial
figure B 5 arrow A
anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
figure B 5 arrow A tissue is
CSF
figure B 5 arrow B
septum pellucidum
figure B 5 arrow C
sylvian fissure
lateral fissure
figure B 5 arrow D
lect lacunar branches of the middle cerebral artery
figure B 5 arrow E
left posterior horn of the lateral ventricle
figure B 5 arrow F
falx cerebri
figure B 5 arrow G
superior sagittal sinus
figure B 5 arrow H
occipital lobe
MR images in figure B 6a are displayed with and without contrast. the images are T1`. the lesoin on the enhanced image appears bright because gadolinium
shortens T1 relaxatoin time
the series of nine T2 images figure B 6b are EPI gradient echo sequences acquired before during and after the contrast. the brain tissue on the enhanced image appears darker because gadolinium
shotens the T2 (and T2*) relaxation times
the decreased myeliniation found in brains of children under 1 yr old results in a lack of image contrast. consequently in comparision to scanning adults to achieve T2 weighted images during pediatric brain imaging often requires a
longer TE
when performing an MRA of the cerebral arteries, a saturation band shoujld be placed ______to the axial slices
superior
figure B 7 is projected in the plane
axial
acquired by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) figure B 7 is an example of
collapsed image
figure B 7 arrow A
right anterior cerebral artery
figure B 7 arrow B
right anterior cerebral artery
figure B 7 arrow C
right middle cerebral artery
figure B 7 arrow D
anterior communicating artery
figure B 7 arrow E
posterior communicating artery
figure B 7 arrow F
right posterior cerebral artery
figure B 7 arrow G
left posterior cerebral artery
when using MRA to evaluate intracranial vascularity flow within smaller (highervelocity blood flow) can best be demonstrated by
3D TOF MRA
when using MRA to evaluate extracranial vascular flow such as that within carotid arteries a recommended technique is
2D TOF MRA
when using MRA to evaluate peripheral vascular flow such as that with in arteries of legs, saturation pulses are
placed inferior to the acquired slices
the cranial nerve associate with the optic nerve is the
second cranial nerve
standard dose of gadolinium for imaging of the central nervous system is
0.1 mL/mmol
commonly known as cc.mmol
the MRA technique that is typically used for the evaluation of venous structures of the head is
PC MRA
figure B 8 arrow A
superior sagittal sinus
figure B 8 arrow B
superior sagittal sinus
figure B 8 arrow C
left transverse sinus
figure B 8 arrow D
right transverse sinus
figure B 8 arrow E
confluence of sinus
figure B 8 arrow F
sigmoid sinus
figure B 8 arrow G
internal jugular vein
figure B 9 arrow A
internal carotid artery
figure B 9 arrow B
internal carotid artery
figure B 9 arrow C
internal carotid artery
figure B 9 arrow D
external carotid artery
figure B 9 arrow E
vertebral artery
figure B 9 arrow F
common carotid artery
figure B 9 arrow G
subclavian artery
the 3D contrast enhanced MRI images of the neck vasculature shown in figure B 9 is acquired in the _plane
coronal
on the coronal display of the neck vasculature the vertebral arteries are located
medial to the carotid arteries
for optimal imaging of the thyroid gland patients are positioned
supine and local coils are placed on the anterior neck
contrast media are utilized in CNS imaging for the evaluation of
infection
infarction
inflammation
neoplasm
