HEAD AND NECK Flashcards
Classification fo headache where there’s no identified underlying disease.
Primary Headache
Examples of Primary Headache
Migraine, tension, cluster, chronic daily headache
Classification of headache where there is identified underlying disease from structural, systenic, infectious causes.
Life threatening causes: meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, mass lesion
Secondary Headache
A perceived musical ringing or rushing sound that has no external stimuli.
tinnitus
A red, painless eye is seen in which condition?
subconjunctival hemorrhage
This refers to bleeding from the nasal passages
epistaxis
The following are headache warning signs except
progressively frequent over 3 weeks
Hyperopia – ?
Presbyopia – ?
Hyperopia – farsightedness
• Presbyopia – aging vision
Valsalva and leaning forward – ?
• Valsalva and lying down – ?
Valsalva and leaning forward – increase pain in sinusitis
• Valsalva and lying down – increase pain mass lesion
Bilateral and painless loss of vision-
Bilateral and painful loss of vision -
Bilateral and painless loss of vision- Giant-cell arteritis
Bilateral and painful loss of vision- Chemical or radiation exposures
Severe and Sudden onset like a “thunderclap”
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; meningitis
Episodic and peak over several hours headache?
Migraine and tension headaches
New, persisting and progressively severe headache
Tumor/mass lesion, brain abscess
Unilateral headache?
Migraine and cluster headaches
Headache according to Location?
• Temporal area –
• Retro-orbital –
Temporal area – Tension headache
• Retro-orbital – cluster headache
Prodrome of euphoria, craving of food, fatigue or dizziness?
Migraine headache
Visual aura of migraine headache
• Spark photopsias –
• Fortifications –
• Scotomas –
Visual aura of migraine headache
• Spark photopsias – flashes of light
• Fortifications – zig-zag arcs of light
• Scotomas – areas of visual loss with surrounding normal vision
Unilateral and painless visual loss associated disease
- Vitreous hemorrhage – Diabetes Mellitus or Trauma
- Macular degeneration
- Retinal detachment
- Retinal vein occlusion
- Central retinal artery occlusion
Painful visual loss associated disease
- Corneal ulcer
- Uveitis
- Traumatic hyphema
- Acute angle closure glaucoma
- Optic neuritis
Gradual bilateral vision loss
- Cataracts
* Macular degeneration