CNS 2 Flashcards
A difference of >0.4 mm in the diameter of one pupil compared to the other, is seen in
up to 38% of healthy individuals.
Anisocoria
An involuntary jerking movement of the eyes with quick and slow components.
nystagmus
drooping of the upper eyelid. Seen in 3rd nerve palsy, Horner syndrome and myasthenia gravis.
Ptosis
are fine flickering irregular movements in small groups of muscle fibers
Fasciculations
When a normal muscle with an intact nerve supply is relaxed voluntarily, it maintains a slight residual tension known as
muscle tone
is velocity-dependent increased tone that worsens at the extremes of range.
Spasticity
is increased resistance throughout the range of movement and in both directions; it is not rate-dependent.
Rigidity
Impaired strength or weakness is called
paresis
Absent strength is
paralysis, or plegia
refers to weakness of one half of the body
Hemiparesis
refers to paralysis of one half of the body.
hemiplegia
means paralysis of the legs
Paraplegia
means paralysis of all four limbs.
quadriplegia
Scale for Grading Muscle Strength
0 —No muscular contraction detected
1 —A barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction
2 —Active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated
3 —Active movement against gravity
4 —Active movement against gravity and some resistance
5 — Active movement against full resistance without evident fatigue. This is normal muscle strength.
Symmetric weakness of the proximal muscles suggests
myopathy