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PD 2 > FINAL MUSCULO 1 > Flashcards

FINAL MUSCULO 1 Flashcards

1
Q

are collagen fibers connecting muscle to bone.

A

Tendons

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2
Q

are pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles over bone or other joint structures.

A

Bursae

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3
Q

are rope-like bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone.

A

Ligaments

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4
Q

Examples of freely movable synovial joint

A

Knee, shoulder

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5
Q

Slightly movable joint that are found in vertebral of the spine

A

Cartilaginous

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6
Q

Immovable joints found in the sutures of skull

A

Fibrous

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7
Q

lines the synovial cavity and secretes a small amount of viscous lubricating fluid, the synovial fluid.

A

synovial membrane

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8
Q

Convex surface in concave cavity shaped synovial joints

A

Spheroidal (ball and socket)

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9
Q

Flat, planar synovial joint

A

Hinge

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10
Q

Convex or concave synovial joint

A

Condylar

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11
Q

refers to a perceived tightness or resistance to movement, in contrast to normal movement that is limber.

A

Musculoskeletal stiffness

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12
Q

Red Flags for Low Back Pain from Underlying Systemic Disease

A

● Age <20 years or >50 years
● History of cancer
● Unexplained weight loss, fever, or decline in general health
● Pain lasting more than 1 month or not responding to treatment
● Pain at night or present at rest
● History of intravenous drug use, addiction, or immunosuppression
● Presence of active infection or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
● Long-term steroid therapy
● Saddle anesthesia, bladder or bowel incontinence
● Neurologic symptoms or progressive neurologic deficit

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13
Q

the most abundant mineral in the body, is essential for bone health, muscle function, nerve transmission, vascular function, and intracellular signaling and hormonal secretion.

A

Calcium

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14
Q

Recommended Dietary Intakes of Calcium and Vitamin D for Adults

19-50 years old
51-70 yrs old
           Women
            Men
71 and older
A

Age Group Calcium mg/d Vitamin D IU/d
19–50 yrs 1,000 600
51–70 yrs
Women 1,200 600
Men 1,000 600
71 & older 1,200 800

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15
Q

Inflammation with fever and chills is seen in ___; also consider crystalline arthritis.

A

septic arthritis

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16
Q

In _____ disorders, consider trauma (rotator cuff tear), repetitive use (bursitis, tendinitis), degenerative changes (OA), or fibromyalgia.

A

noninflammatory

17
Q
  • If pain is localized to only one joint, it is:
  • Joint pain may be ___, involving several joints, typically four or more.
  • involving bones, muscles, and tissues around the joint such as the tendons, bursae, or even overlying skin.
A
  • monoarticular
  • polyarticular
  • extra-articular
18
Q
  • Generalized “aches and pains” are called

- if there is pain but no evidence of arthritis.

A
  • myalgias

- arthralgias

19
Q
  • Acute joint pain typically lasts up to

- chronic pain lasts

A
  • 6 weeks

- >12 weeks

20
Q

Palpable bogginess or doughiness of the synovial membrane indicates ___, which is often accompanied by effusion.

A

synovitis

21
Q

Palpable joint fluid is present in effusion, tenderness over the tendon sheaths in

A

tendinitis

22
Q

4 Signs of Inflammation

A
  • Swelling
  • Warmth
  • Redness
  • Pain or tenderness
23
Q

These consist of the SITS muscles of the rotator cuff (Supra-spinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis), which move the humerus and compress and stabilize the humeral head within the glenoid cavity.

A

Dynamic stabilizers

24
Q

is a fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds the glenoid and deepens its socket, providing greater stability to the humeral head.

A

labrum

25
Q

Maneuvers of the Shoulder

  • “Raise your arms in front of you and over-head.”
  • “Raise your arms behind you.”
A
  • Flexion

- Extension

26
Q

Maneuvers of the Shoulder

  • “Raise your arms out to the side and over-head.”
  • “Cross your arm in front of your body.”
A
  • Abduction

- Adduction

27
Q

Maneuvers of the Shoulder

  • “Place one hand behind your back and touch your shoulder blade.”
  • “Raise your arm to shoulder level; bend your elbow and rotate your forearm toward the ceiling.” OR “Place one hand behind your neck or head as if you are brushing your hair.”
A
  • Internal Rotation

- External Rotation

28
Q

Identify the Shoulder Structure

Crossover or crossed body adduction test. Adduct the patient’s arm across the chest.

A

Acromioclavicular Joint

29
Q

Identify the Shoulder Structure

Apley scratch test. Ask the patient to touch the opposite scapula using the two motions shown below.

A

Overall Shoulder Rotation

30
Q

Identify the Shoulder Structure

Painful arc test. Fully adduct the patient’s arm from 0° to 180°.

A

Rotator Cuff Pain Provocation Tests

31
Q

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder

Press on the scapula to prevent scapular motion with one hand, and raise the patient’s
arm with the other. This compresses the greater tuberosity of the humerus against the acromion.

A

Neer impingement sign

32
Q

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder

Flex the patient’s shoulder and elbow to 90° with the palm facing down. Then, with
one hand on the forearm and one on the arm, rotate the arm internally. This compresses the greater tuberosity against the supraspinatus tendon and coracoacromial ligament.

A

Hawkins impingement sign

33
Q

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder

With the patient’s arm flexed to 90° with palm up, rotate the arm into full external rotation.

A

External rotation lag test

34
Q

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder

Ask the patient to place the dorsum of the hand on the low back with the elbow
flexed to 90°. Then you lift the hand off the back, which further internally rotates the
shoulder. Ask the patient to keep the hand in this position.

A

Internal rotation lag test

35
Q

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder

Ask the patient to fully abduct the arm to shoulder level, up to 90°, and lower it slowly. Note that abduction above shoulder level, from 90° to 120°, reflects action of the deltoid muscle.

A

Drop-arm test

36
Q

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder

Ask the patient to adduct and flex the arm to 90°, with the thumbs turned up. Stabilize the elbow with one hand and apply pressure proximal to the patient’s wrist as the patient presses the wrist outward in external rotation.

A

External rotation resistance test

37
Q

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder

Elevate the arms to 90° and internally rotate the arms with the thumbs pointing down, as if emptying a can. Ask the patient to resist as you place downward pressure on the arms.

A

Empty can test

PD 2 (11 decks)

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