Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1ST YEAR - SECOND TERM - MONTHLY > HE - LECTURE #2 > Flashcards

HE - LECTURE #2 Flashcards

1
Q

who made the theory of Classical Conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and naturally occurring stimulus

A

Classical Conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The dog salivates immediately after he smells the newly cooked food. While, the dog has no response with the whistle sound and will not salivate, because it does not see the association between the whistle sound and the food. However, when you continually connect and put the two together, the dog will salivate. Continue doing that until the dog realizes that when the whistle is blown, it automatically associates it with the food coming and salivates. What example is this?

A

Classical Conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

patients in the psych ward are taught: bell = medication time. What example is this?

A

classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

who made the theory of connectionism theory

A

EDWARD THORNDIKE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TRIAL+ERROR relationship between the stimulus (S) and the response (r)

A

connectionism theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 laws of connectionism theory

A

law of effect
law of readiness
law of exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Satisfying results = increase in certain response
Unsatisfying results = decrease in response
what law of connectionism theory?

A

law of effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ready to learn = satisfied in learning
Ready to learn but does not learn = Annoyed student
Not ready to learn and does not learn = Annoyed student
Thus, have a patient whose ready to learn and eventually learn something from you for them to be satisfied in learning

A

law of readiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

“If you don’t use it,you lose it”

A

Law of exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the role of the teacher? (3)

A

respond with reinforcement (law of effect)
motivate student to learn ( law of readiness)
repeat + emphasize (law of exercise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

who made the theory of operant conditioning

A

bf skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior; specific consequences are associated with a voluntary behavior

A

operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

difference of classical and operant conditioning

A

classical is involuntary response
operant is voluntary behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who made the theory of behaviorism theory

A

John Watson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the acquisition of new behavior based on environmental conditions; behavior can be CONTROLLED or MODIFIED based on antecedents and consequences of a behavior

A

behaviorism theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

John Watsons meaning of behavior (5)

A

was obvious and practical
was muscle movement
results of a series of conditioned reflexes
all emotions and thought is a result of behavior
learned through conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the 3 aspects of behaviorism

A

anyone can be trained for a task
behavior is acquired by conditioning
behavior is observable and measurable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

who made the theory of contiguity theory

A

Edwin Ray Guthrie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

States that if a pattern of simulation and a response occur together in time and space, learning occur together in time and space, learning occurs by the formation of associations between them

A

contiguity theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

states that a behavior (response) will be repeated if the same situation or stimulus will be experienced again

A

contiguity theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

study of how our brains work in the process of perceiving, thinking, remembering, and learning

A

cognitive psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

focus of cognitive psychology

A

mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

who made the insight theory

A

Wolfgang kohler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

refers to the sudden realization of the solution of any problem without repeated trials or continuous practices

A

insight theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2 characteristics of insight theory

A

Insight represents seeing CLEARLY into the essence of a situation
It is NOT a step by step process but partially by unconscious process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

they figure it out along the way; they don’t need to repeat it again and again

A

unconscious process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

4 stages of insight learning

A

preparation
incubation
insight
verification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

stage of insight learning; problem cannot be solved, data gathering

A

preparation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

stage of insight learning; problem is put on hold, problem work on unconsciously

A

incubation

30
Q

stage of insight learning; suddenly, there is a mental representation of a solution (eureka moment)

A

insight

31
Q

stage of insight learning; solution checked, try and do it again if see if it works and get the same results again

A

verification

32
Q

who made the field theory

A

kurt Lewin

33
Q

states that learning is a process of perceptual organization of one’s life space involving sight

A

field theory

34
Q

examines patterns of interaction between the individual and the total field

A

field theory

35
Q

a person has to overcome the restraining force to reach that goal

A

field theory

36
Q

who made the discovery theory

A

Jerome bruner

37
Q

states that learners are encouraged to build on past experiences and knowledge

A

discovery theory

38
Q

in discovery theory, leaning makes use of (3) to search for new information to discover facts, correlations, and new truths.

A

intuition
imagination
creativity

39
Q

Make use of what they learn and experience before and make connections to make new learning

A

discovery theory

40
Q

principles of discovery learning model (5)

A

problem solving
learner management
integrating and connecting
information analysis and interpretation
failure and feedback

41
Q

principles of discovery learning model; instructors should guide and motivate learners to seek for solutions

A

problem solving

42
Q

principles of discovery learning model; instructors should allow participants to work either alone or with others, and learn at their pace

A

learner management

43
Q

principles of discovery learning model; instructors should teach learners how to combine prior knowledge with new and encourage them to connect to the real world

A

integrating and connecting

44
Q

principles of discovery learning model; discovering learning is process-oriented and not content-oriented

A

information analysis and interpretation

45
Q

principles of discovery learning model; learning doesn’t only occur when we find the right answers, it asks occurs through failure. Try and try until you succeed

A

failure and feedback

46
Q

advantages of discovery learning model

A

encourages motivation, involvement, and creativity
learner’s pace is priority
promotes autonomy and independence
ensures higher levels of retention

47
Q

who made the schema theory

A

David rumelhart

48
Q

is an active strategy coding technique for facilitating the recall of knowledge

A

schema theory

49
Q

knowledge structures that are stored in memory

A

schema or schemata

50
Q

Prompts that you can associate with a certain concept (words association)

A

schemata theory

51
Q

states that people learn the best when they can link or assimilate new information with previous knowledge (reflection)

A

assimilation theory

52
Q

who made the assimilation theory

A

David Ausubel

53
Q

emphasizes thinking processes: thought, reasoning, and way of information is encountered, stored, and memory functioning

A

information- processing model of memory

54
Q

what are the external processes of information- processing model of memory

A

stage 1 - attention
stage 4 - action

55
Q

what are stages of information- processing model of memory

A

stage 1 - attention
stage 2 - processing
stage 3 - memory storage
stage 4 - action

56
Q

what are the internal processes of information- processing model of memory

A

stage 2 - processing
stage 3 - memory storage

57
Q

who made the social learning theory

A

Albert Banudara

58
Q

states that people learn from one another via observation, imitation, and modeling

A

social learning theory

59
Q

acquisition of behavior by means of modeling

A

observational learning

60
Q

4 processes of social learning

A

attention
retention
motor reproduction
reinforcement

61
Q

process of social learning; behavior or value desired has caught the interest of the learning

A

attention

62
Q

process of social learning; recalls/remembers the behavior or value to be learned

A

retention

63
Q

process of social learning; learners imitates or emulates newly learned behavior

A

motoric reproduction

64
Q

process of social learning; learner practices what he has learned

A

reinforcement

65
Q

phases of Observation of the role model

A

attentional phase
retention phase
reproduction phase
motivational phase

66
Q

phase of observation of the role model; patient observes you, processes it

A

attentional phase

67
Q

phase of observation of the role model; tries to store it in his memory

A

retention phase

68
Q

phase of observation of the role model; patient tries to retrieve what he remembers and try to do it

A

reproduction phase

69
Q

phase of observation of the role model; influenced by reinforcement and punishment

A

motivational phase

70
Q

A mixture of behaviorism, cognitivism, and information processing model.

A

social learning theory

71
Q

theories include in the behaviorism team

A

classical conditioning
connectionism theory
operant conditioning
behaviorism theory
contiguity theory

72
Q

theories under cognitive team

A

insight theory
field theory
discovery theory
schema theory
assimilation

1ST YEAR - SECOND TERM - MONTHLY (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions