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1ST YEAR - SECOND TERM - MONTHLY > FNP - Concept of Stress, Adaptation, and Homeostasis > Flashcards

FNP - Concept of Stress, Adaptation, and Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

An experience a person is exposed to,
through a stimulus; A condition in which a person experiences changes in the normal
balanced state

A

Stress

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2
Q

Characteristics of Stress (5)

A

Not a nervous energy (not from the nerves)
Man acts as a unified whole
Stress not always results to feeling
of distress (distress - damaging to health)
Stress not always due to tissue injury
Stress not always to be avoided at entirely (bc of eustress)

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3
Q

Models of Stress

A

Stimulus-based (Holmes, Rahe)
Response-based (Selye)
Transaction-based (Lazarus, Folkman)
Adaptation Model of Stress (Mechanic)

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4
Q

who made the stimulus-based model of stress

A

Holmes and Rahe

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5
Q

model of stress; Disturbing or disruptive characteristics within the environment, anything in environment that disrupts our balance

A

Stimulus-based

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6
Q

who made the response-based model of stress

A

Selye

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7
Q

model of stress; a nonspecific response of the
body to any demand made upon it, our body (including organs) are
the only ones affected

A

response-based

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8
Q

who made the transaction-based model of stress

A

Lazarus and Folkman

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9
Q

model of stress; perceptual response rooted in psychological and cognitive process, includes the mind, emotions, and way of thinking

A

transaction-based

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10
Q

model of stress; Stress is an anxiety provoking stimuli

A

Adaptation Model of Stress

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11
Q

difference of transaction base to adaptation model of stress

A

transaction based - mind, emotions, and way of thinking
adaptation model - emotions only

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12
Q

model of stress; ex. change in weather, pollution

A

Stimulus-based

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13
Q

model of stress; ex. The heat of the sun stimulates sweating or sunburn

A

response-based

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14
Q

model of stress; ex. When you’re taking a test (mental blocks)

A

Transaction-based

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15
Q

model of stress; ex. Anxiousness in test

A

Adaptation Model of Stress

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16
Q

A mechanism in which deviation from normal are sensed and counteracted, Balance/ Equilibrium or constancy while continually changing

A

homeostasis

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17
Q

A process of modifying to meet new/changing or different conditions, Alteration in functioning to maintain balance

A

Adaptation

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18
Q

Characteristics of the Adaptive Mechanisms (8)

A

Automatic
Requires time and energy
Tiring and Egocentric
Entire body is involved
With limits
Varies from person to person
May be inadequate or excessive
Attempts to maintain homeostasis

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19
Q

Factors affecting Stress Response (4)

A

Intensity
Scope
Duration
Number and Nature of stressors

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20
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

A

Local Adaptive Syndrome (LAS)
General Adaptive Syndrome (GAS)

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21
Q

purpose of LAS

A

Prevent spread of infection
Localize the injury
Promotes healing

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22
Q

4 stages of LAS

A

Vascular stage
Cellular Stage
Exudative Stage
Reparative stage

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23
Q

Vascular stage (3)

A

Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Increase capillary permeability

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24
Q

Vascular stage; Platelet and thromboxane (cell) at the site of injury to stop bleeding

A

Vasoconstriction

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25
Q

Vascular stage; Histamine (hormone) will be produced at the site of injury (redness or rubor and color or calor)

A

Vasodilation

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26
Q

Vascular stage; Tumor (swelling at the site of injury), dolor or pain, temporary loss of function

A

Increase capillary permeability

27
Q

Cellular stage

A

Margination
Diapedesis
Emigration
Chemotaxis

28
Q

cellular stage; because of capillary permeability, solid will enter tight capillary walls in order to get to the site of injury

A

Diapedesis

29
Q

cellular stage; proteins secreted in site of injury to signal cells

A

Chemotaxis

30
Q

WBC will have to go to the site of injury

A

Positive

31
Q

WBC moves away from the site of injury (retreats as it is unable to deal with the microorganisms) causing an extension of injury

A

Negative

32
Q

Exudative stage (5)

A

Serous
Sanguinous
Purulent
Serosanguinous
Purosaguinous

33
Q

Exudative stage; Watery fluid
secretions; blister formation

A

serous

34
Q

Exudative stage; blood clotting;
red in color;

A

sanguineous

35
Q

Exudative stage; pus formation;
yellow in color (Example: Acne)

A

purulent

36
Q

Exudative stage; Watery red

A

Serosanguinous

37
Q

Exudative stage; yellow with
red fluid

A

Purosaguinous

38
Q

Reparative Stage (3)

A

Primary Intention or Regeneration
Secondary Intention or Scar Formation
Tertiary Intention or Intentional Delay in Wound Closure

39
Q

Reparative Stage; damaged cells replaced with original cells

A

Primary Intention or Regeneration

40
Q

Reparative Stage; damaged cells replaced with fibrous tissues

A

Secondary Intention or Scar Formation

41
Q

Reparative Stage; Insertion of latex for drainage ex. Example: Ruptured appendicitis is placed with a tube for drainage, Jackson Pratt Drain

A

Tertiary Intention or Intentional Delay in Wound Closure

42
Q

increase in WBC count in the blood

A

Leukocytosis

43
Q

swelling or enlargement of the lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenopathy

44
Q

Organs Primarily Involved in GAS

A

Medulla Oblongata
Reticular Formation
Endocrine Glands

45
Q

controls vital functions for survival

A

medulla oblongata

46
Q

clusters of neuron in the brainstem and spinal cord; connections with sensory and motor parts

A

reticular formation

47
Q

supplies hormones functions

A

Endocrine Glands

48
Q

stages of GAS

A

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

49
Q

alarm stage of GAS

A

Awareness of stressor
Mobilization of defenses
Increased hormones
Increased Vital Sign
Decreased resistance
SNS predominates

50
Q

resistance stage of GAS

A

Adaptation occurs - balance as hormones circulate
Normalization of hormones and Vital Sign
Homeostasis occurs
Increased resistance
PNS predominates

51
Q

exhaustion stage of GAS

A

Decreased energy
Breakdown in (-) feedback
mechanism
Damaged organ
Decreased physiological function

52
Q

Sympatho-Adreno-Medulary Response

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine increased body activities (e.g., increased VS depending on what is affected)

53
Q

Effect of SNS and adrenal medulla on () - Heightened alertness
restlessness because of increased
blood flow

A

Heightened alertness
restlessness because of increased
blood flow

54
Q

Effect of SNS and adrenal medulla on () - Increased blood flow in deeper organs; there will be peripheral vasoconstriction (cold and clammy feeling of skin)

A

blood vessels

55
Q

Effect of SNS and adrenal medulla on () - Increased rate of pump of blood (heart rate) to accommodate increase in blood flow needed by different organs in response to stress

A

heart

56
Q

Effect of SNS and adrenal medulla on () -Dilation of blood vessels will result in the increase of respiratory rate (RR)

A

lungs

57
Q

Effect of SNS and adrenal medulla on () -Increase in blood flow (where nutrients, glucose and hormones are found)

A

skeletal muscles

58
Q

Effect of SNS and adrenal medulla on () - Increased activity but less utilization of glucose (patient in alarm stage is in a state of hyperglycemia)

A

pancreas

59
Q

Anterior Pituitary gland will release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulating the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone and cortisol

A

Adrenocortical response

60
Q

hormone; increased blood volume = increased bp = decreased urine output

A

aldosterone

61
Q

hormone; Important for metabolism of fats and carbohydrates

A

cortisol

62
Q

where glycogenesis happens

A

liver

63
Q

is generation of new sugar from fats and proteins

A

gluconeogenesis

64
Q

GAS response, Posterior Pituitary secretes ADH which inhibits urine output, Water is absorbed in the body = increased blood volume = increased bp

A

Neurohypophyseal response

1ST YEAR - SECOND TERM - MONTHLY (10 decks)

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