FNP - Health & Illness & Asepsis Flashcards
An altered physical, mental, social, emotional functioning that causes an injury or decrease in functioning
illness
● an altered physical state causing injury
● more focused on the physical aspect
of health
disease
a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
health
Smith model of health (3)
clinical model
role performance model
adaptation model
Absence of signs and symptoms of disease indicates health
clinical model
Is the ability to fulfill expected roles; If you are able to perform your role even when you feel a little sick/ill, you are still considered healthy.
role performance model
Health is the ability of the individual to actualize or actualize his potentials
Eudaemonistic Model
From one point in time, you may be in the state of illness or wellness
Travis’ Illness and Wellness Model
made the ecological model
Leavell and Clark
model; Harmonious relationship among agent,
host, and environment, Used in predicting illness rather than health promotion
ecological model
model; clinical triad
Agent-host-environment model
model; Based on the motivational theory, Practices of an individual with regards to their health
health belief model
level of prevention; Target: Healthy individuals or those
who are of high risk to illness
primary
level of prevention; Goals: Promotion and prevention
primary
level of prevention; Target: Sick individuals or carriers
secondary
level of prevention;
Goals:
○ Early diagnosis
○ Prompt treatment
○ Prevention of complications
secondary
level of prevention; Target: Individuals with decreased
functioning
tertiary
level of prevention; Goals
○ Rehabilitation
○ Disability Limitation
○ Example: Ambulation (walking),
Physical therapy
tertiary
Stages of illness behaviors; Experiencing signs and symptoms
symptom experience
are physical manifestations
signs
are nonverbal manifestations
symptoms
stages of illness behavior; Examples: stomachaches, headaches
symptom experience
stages of illness behavior; Free from social obligations
Assumption of sick role
stages of illness behavior; Example: Resting in bed, calling in sick, not fulfilling normal duties
Assumption of sick role
stages of illness behavior; When you seek professional medical help/diagnosis, Initial checkup until second opinion.
Medical Care contact
Asking for a second opinion without prolonging the treatment
medical shopping
stages of illness behavior; Collaboration with doctors and nurses for treatment, Nurses giving us our medications
dependent client role
stages of illness behavior; Patient is healed
Recovery and convalescence
Prevention of transfer of Microorganisms
asepsis
Types of Microorganisms
Virus, bacteria, fungi, protists
microorganism; Can be easily removed, Attach to the skin when a person has contact with a person or object
transient
microorganism;
●Embedded microorganisms
● Permanently resides on the skin
● May be removed by hand
scrubbing or surgical hand
washing
resident
resident bacteria that help maintain health
Normal Flora
types of microorganisms; Does not cause disease
non-pathogenic
types of microorganisms; causes disease
pathogenic
Successful entry and multiplication of microorganisms into the body
Infection
Physical state causing injury
disease
Hospital-acquired infection
nosocomial
infection from outside of the patient; brought about by microorganisms external to the individual
exogenous
infection from Treatment sterility of
Types of Infection Disease According to Sources or Manifestations instruments
○ Brought about by diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
Iatrogenic
infection from Hands; points of contact
hospital personnel
infection from one patient to another
○ Transmission of infection between patients infected with different pathogen
Cross Infection
infection coming from the body of patient
Endogenous
Person has pathogens but does not manifest any signs and symptoms
Subclinical/Asymptomatic
Person has pathogens and manifestations of the disease
Infectious disease or Clinical
Not transmitted through contact with an infected or afflicted person
Non-communicable (not infectious)
Capable of being transmitted by contact with an infected person or object
Communicable (infectious)
type of infection according to onset; Sudden Onset
● Isang beses lang ang occurrence
acute
type of infection according to onset; ntermittent (meron tas nawawala; interchanging yung remission tas exacerbation)
chronic
Gradual onset with period of: Absence of illness (normal, walang sakit)
remission
Gradual onset with period of: With illness (nagkasakit uli)
Exacerbation
Types of Infection According to Extent of Invasion; Affects a single organ
● Can become systemic
localized
Types of Infection According to Extent of Invasion; Affects the entire body
systematic
Stages of Infectious Process; Interval between entrance of pathogen into the body and appearance of 1st non specific symptom ex. fever and cough
incubation
Stages of Infectious Process; Interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms
prodromal
Stages of Infectious Process; Full blown manifestations of specific signs and symptoms, ex. tetanus (lockjaw)
illness
Stages of Infectious Process; Interval when signs and symptoms disappear
convalescence
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa
Agent
Environment, area, body where pathogenic organism is found, dependent for survival, may or may not multiply
reservoir
most ideal temperature for human pathogens is ___ Celsius
35
pathogens thrive within a pH of
5-8
mode of transmission; person to person as
touching, kissing, sexual contact or contact with body
fluids or oral secretions
direct
mode of transmission; contact with contaminated objects
indirect
mode of transmission; arge particles that travel up to 3 feet as sneezing, coughing, talking
droplet
Body’s Defense Against Infection;
1. Anatomic and physiologic barriers
2. Inflammatory response
non specific
Body’s Defense Against Infection;
Immune system
a. Humoral immunity
b. Cell-mediated defenses
specific
immunity; exposure/experience
active (natural)
immunity; placental/breastfeeding; received through parent
passive (natural)
immunity; antigens (Vaccines/toxoid; Ex: COVID Vaccine w/ booster); immune or less adverse reaction to pathogen
active (artificial)
immunity ; antibody (I.e., ATS (Anti Tetanus Serum), HRIG)
passive (artificial)
Also known as “Clean Technique”
medical asepsis
Used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms
medical asepsis
Also known as “Sterile technique”
surgical asepsis
Used to eliminate all microorganisms (Pathogenic and
nonpathogenic)
surgical asepsis
disinfection; kills pathogens & spores
moist heat
disinfection; kills pathogens and spores
Ethylene gas oxide
disinfection; kills microbes but not spores
Boiling water
agents used sed on living things/people ex. Alcohol, betadine, etc.
antiseptics
agents used on walls and beds used by patients; used on non living things
● Lysol, prex, cidex
disinfectants
radiation; like UV (Sunlight); does not penetrate
deeply
Non ionizing Radiation
radiation; used to
sterilize food, drugs, and other
items to sensitive heat
Ionizing Radiation
chemical solution that Used as a housekeeping
disinfectant
Phenolic compounds
chemical solution that Used in disinfecting water and in housekeeping (ex: Chlorox)
Chlorine compounds -
chemical solution that Effective bactericides commonly used as antiseptics. May cause staining of articles (Ex: Betadine).
iodine compounds
chemical solution that Effective as bactericides and disinfectants (Ex: Cidex)
Glutaraldehydes
chemical solution that Used as antiseptics and disinfectants
Alcohols
chemical solution that Used as disinfectants and antiseptics
Quaternary ammonium compounds
