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1ST YEAR - SECOND TERM - MONTHLY > Assessment of cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Assessment of cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

function of cardiovascular system

A

generation of blood pressure

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2
Q

2 types of routing blood

A

pulmonic and systematic

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3
Q

circulation of pulmonic

A

heart to lungs for oxygenation

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4
Q

circulation of systematic

A

oxygenated blood for lungs to the body; deoxygenated blood from the body to heart for reoxygenation

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5
Q

ensure one way blood flow

A

heart valves

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6
Q

regulate the blood supply

A

sphincters in the blood vessels

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7
Q

where is the heart enclosed

A

thoracic cavity/ inverted hole

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8
Q

is the point of maximal impulse

A

apical pulse

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9
Q

where to auscultate when you are asked to take the apical pulse

A

5th intercostal space

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10
Q

2 types of pericardium

A

fibrous
serous

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11
Q

pericardium that adheres to the chest wall

A

fibrous

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12
Q

pericardium that includes parietal and visceral

A

serous

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13
Q

pericardium that covers the heart

A

visceral

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14
Q

responsible for the lubrication of the heart

A

pericardial cavity with pericardial fluid

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15
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle

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16
Q

reservoirs of blood or collecting chambers receives blood from either the vena cava or pulmonary veins

A

atria

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17
Q

major blood pumping chambers which pump blood to the aorta or pulmonary arteries

A

ventricles

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18
Q

major pumping chamber

A

left ventricle because of the EXERT OF THE HIGH PRESSURE IN AORTA, and also thicker MYOCARDIUM

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19
Q

oxygenated blood; left or right chamber

A

left

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20
Q

deoxygenated blood; left or right chamber

A

right

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21
Q

muscle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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22
Q

part between left and right atria and ventricles

A

septum

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23
Q

is septum open when we are in our mothers womb

A

yes

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24
Q

is lungs functioning when we are our mothers womb

A

no

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25
Q

is septum open when we are born

A

no

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26
Q

is lungs functioning when we are born

A

yes

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27
Q

pumping of deoxygenated blood to the body will present

A

cyanosis

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28
Q

pumping of deoxygenated blood to the body the fingers will be

A

clubbed

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29
Q

prevent regurgitation by ensuring one-way blood flow

A

heart valves

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30
Q

2 valves of AV

A

mitral and tricuspid valve

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31
Q

prevents blood from regurgitating to ensure it does not flow from ventricle to atria

A

mitral and tricuspid valve

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32
Q

2 valves of semilunar

A

aortic (left ventricle) and pulmonic (right ventricle)

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33
Q

comes from the closure of the heart valves

A

heart sounds

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34
Q

is the closure of the av valves

A

lub or S1

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35
Q

is the closure of the semilunar valves

A

dub or s2

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36
Q

when ventricles contract the av valves should be _____ while the semilunar valves are ______

A

closed; open

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37
Q

when atria contract the av valves should be _____ while the semilunar valves are ______

A

open; close

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38
Q

best place to hear aortic valve (intercostal space and border)

A

2nd intercostal space, right sternal border

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39
Q

best place to hear pulmonic valve (intercostal space and border)

A

left 2nd intercostal space, left sternal border

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40
Q

best place to hear tricuspid valve (intercostal space and border)

A

4th intercostal space , left sternal border

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41
Q

best place to hear tricuspid valve (intercostal space and border)

A

4th intercostal space , left sternal border

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42
Q

best place to hear mitral valve (intercostal space and border)

A

5th intercostal space, mid clavicular line

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43
Q

best landmark for pulmonary and cardiac assessment is

A

sternal angle of louis

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44
Q

dub is louder at the (intercostal space and border)

A

2nd intercostal space, both left and right border (aortic and pulmonic)

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45
Q

lub is louder at the (intercostal space and border)

A

4th intercostal space, midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

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46
Q

skeletal muscles receives % of oxygen when we rest

A

30

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47
Q

skeletal muscles receives % of oxygen when we exercis

A

increases to 70

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48
Q

cardiac muscles receives % of oxygen when we rest

A

70

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49
Q

cardiac muscles receives % of oxygen when we exercise

A

no increasing

50
Q

heart muscles receives % of blood while resting

A

70

51
Q

heart muscles receives % of blood while exercising

A

no increasing

52
Q

responsible for heart rate and heart patent

A

conduction system

53
Q

3 characteristics of conduction system

A

automaticity
conductivity
contractility

54
Q

characteristics of conduction system; ability to generate an electric impulse automatically

A

automaticity

55
Q

characteristics of the conduction system; ability to pass the impulse to the next cell

A

conductivity

56
Q

characteristics of conduction system; ability to shorten fibers

A

contractility

57
Q

bpm of SA node

A

60-100

58
Q

bpm of AV NODE

A

40

59
Q

bpm of Purkinje fibers

A

20

60
Q

done when heart is already stopped

A

CPR

61
Q

done to stop the heart

A

defibrillation

62
Q

do we defibrillate when the patient is systole

A

no

63
Q

volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle over 1 minute

A

cardiac output

64
Q

formula for cardiac output

A

co = stroke volume x heart rate

65
Q

amount of blood that is ejected every heartbeat

A

stroke volume

66
Q

number of times the heart contract per minute

A

heart rate

67
Q

stroke volume depends on (3)

A

preload, contractility, after load

68
Q

stretching of muscle fibers in the ventricles

A

preload

69
Q

ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten

A

contractility

70
Q

the more the cardiac muscles are stretched, the more it will contract

A

starling law of the heart

71
Q

the pressure that the ventricular muscles must generate to overcome the higher pressure in the aorta to get the blood out of the heart

A

afterload

72
Q

decrease of blood in the brain meaning

A

dizziness

73
Q

shortness of breath

A

dyspnea

74
Q

if the patient feel that something is pressing on their chest (nakadagan)

A

coronary heart disease

75
Q

the body should be elevated at what degrees

A

30

76
Q

examiner should stand at the ____ of the patient

A

right

77
Q

use ____ light source for deep veins that usually not seen, to best appreciate pulsations

A

tangential

78
Q

what to inspect in cardiovascular system

A

cyanosis
clubbing
respiratory pattern
observe for neck vein distention
chest pulsations
abdominal pulsation

79
Q

where to inspect for cyanosis when your patient is in the darker side

A

tongue and mucous membrane

80
Q

technique for cyanosis

A

schamroth

81
Q

thin grayish white arc or circle at the edge of the cornea

A

arcus senilis

82
Q

indicative of atherosclerosis

A

arcus senilis

83
Q

slightly raised, yellowish, circumscribed plaques in the skin along the nasal area of portion of the eyelids

A

xanthelasma

84
Q

due to lipid-filled cells in the dermis, fatty deposition of blood vessels

A

xanthelasma

85
Q

caused by staphylococcus aureus

A

subconjunctival petechiae

86
Q

causes bacterial endocarditis and can lead to infection of the heart

A

subconjunctival petechiae

87
Q

linear reddish-brown lesions in the nail beds, group of 8 streptococcus, sign of bacterial infection

A

splinter hemorrhages

88
Q

macular, blanching and non painful lesion caused by streptococcus bovid, leads to heart infection

A

janeway’s lesion

89
Q

tender, papulopustules located on the pulp of the fingers caused by staphylococcus areas

A

osler’s node

90
Q

does veins have pulsations?

A

none

91
Q

where to put the ruler when measuring JVP

A

sternal angle

92
Q

used to measure pressure of right atrium

A

jugular vein distention

93
Q

normal height for the jugular veins not to be congested

A

less than 3cm at 45 degree fowler

94
Q

how to compute for cvp

A

at 5 cm to the height measured

95
Q

humming vibrations, can be felt

A

thrills

96
Q

murmur like sound of vascular origin

A

bruit

97
Q

forceful risings of the landmark area

A

heaves/lifts

98
Q

purpose of percussion

A

determine cardiac border

99
Q

what intercostal spaces are need to be percussed

A

5th, 3rd, 2nd from anterior axillary line to left sternal border

100
Q

percussing the heart should change from

A

resonance lung to dullness

101
Q

factors affecting the loudness of S1

A

LV contraction
Hemorrhage
Open Mitral Valve

102
Q

heart sounds; closure of av valves

A

s1

103
Q

heart sounds; closure of semilunar valves

A

s2

104
Q

heart sounds; ventricular gallop

A

s3

105
Q

heart sounds; atrial gallop

A

s4

106
Q

heart sounds; heard before s1

A

s4

107
Q

resting of the heart

A

diastole

108
Q

contraction of ventricles

A

systole

109
Q

a sound or vibration made by blood flowing through a normal valve or an abnormal valve

A

murmur

110
Q

a sound made by blood flowing backwards through a leaking valve

A

murmur

111
Q

murmur; there is additional sound that can be heard because of incompetent or stenosed valve

A

functional

112
Q

functional valve; loose valves

A

incompetent

113
Q

functional valve; hard, constricted valves

A

stenosed

114
Q

abnormal murmurs

A

pathologic

115
Q

grade of murmurs; very faint, heard only after listener has “tuned in”, may not be heard in all positions

A

grade 1

116
Q

grade of murmurs; quiet, but heard immediately after placing the stethoscope on the chest

A

grade 2

117
Q

grade of murmurs; moderately loud

A

grade 3

118
Q

grade of murmurs; loud with palpable thrill

A

grade 4

119
Q

grade of murmurs; very loud with thrill, may be heard when the stethoscope is partly off the chest

A

grade 5

120
Q

grade of murmurs; very loud with thrill, may be heard with a stethoscope entirely off the chest

A

grade 6

1ST YEAR - SECOND TERM - MONTHLY (10 decks)

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