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2nd year - 1st sem > HBO > Flashcards

HBO Flashcards

1
Q

_________are evaluative statements reflecting feelings about objects, people, or events, such as liking one’s job.

A

Attitude

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2
Q

Three Components of Attitude

A
  1. Cognitive Component
  2. Affective Component:
  3. Behavioral Component:
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3
Q

The opinion or belief segment of an attitude

A

Cognitive Component

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4
Q

It is the “thinking” part of an attitude.

A

Cognitive Component

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5
Q

The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude

A

Affective Component:

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6
Q

This refers to the emotional or feeling aspect of an attitude

A

Affective Component:

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7
Q

An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something

A

Behavioral Component:

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8
Q

This reflects how a person intends to behave in relation to their attitude.

A

Behavioral Component:

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9
Q

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes

A

Cognitive Dissonance

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10
Q

Individuals seek to reduce this uncomfortable gap or dissonance to reach stability and consistency

A

Cognitive Dissonance

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11
Q

Consistency is achieved by changing the attitudes, modifying the behaviors, or through rationalization.

A

Cognitive Dissonance

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12
Q

When attitudes and behavior don’t line up we experience _________

A

Cognitive Dissonance

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13
Q

________means some concrete action by a person.

A

Individual behavior

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13
Q

The degree to which a person identifies with a job, actively participate in it, and consider performance important to self-worth

A

Job Satisfaction

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13
Q

What are the major job attitudes

A
  1. Job Involvement
  2. Job Satisfaction
  3. Psychological Empowerment
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13
Q

It means how an individual behaves, reacts, or responds in a given environment.

A

Individual
behavior

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13
Q

It is influenced by various factors. __________ is the function of a person, environment, and organization.

A

Individual behavior

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13
Q

A positive feeling about one’s job resulting from evaluation of its characteristics.

A

Job Involvement

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14
Q

Belief in the degree of influence over the job

A

Psychological Empowerment

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15
Q

The study of how individuals and groups act within organizations, influenced by various factors such as culture, structure, and individual differences.

A

Organizational Behavior

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16
Q

The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization, its goals, and wishes to maintain membership in the organization.

A

Organizational commitment

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17
Q

______: an emotional attachment to the organization and a belief in its values.

A

Affective commitment

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18
Q

______: the perceived economic value of remaining with an organization compared to leaving it.

A

Continuance commitment

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18
Q

_______: an obligation to remain with the organization for moral or ethical reasons.

A

Normative commitment

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19
Q

Dissatisfaction expressed through behavior directed toward leaving the organization.

A

Exit:

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20
Q

Broadly described as the characteristics patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours taht make a person unique

A

Personality

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21
Q

The sum of total ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others, the measurable traits a person exhibits

A

Personality

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22
Q

Theories of personality

A
  1. Type
  2. Trait
  3. Psychoanalytic
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23
Q

Dissatisfaction expressed through active and constructive attempts to improve conditions.

A

Voice:

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24
Q

Dissatisfaction expressed by passively waiting for conditions to improve.

A

Loyalty:

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25
Q

Dissatisfaction expressed through allowing conditions to worsen.

A

Neglect:

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26
Q

American psychologist
Hierarchy of Needs

A

Abraham Maslow

27
Q

A motivational theory proposing that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization

A

Hierarchy of Needs

28
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs consists of five levels, in order from the bottom to the top1

A
  1. Physiological Needs: Basic survival requirements such as food, water, shelter, and sleep.
  2. Safety Needs: Security and protection from physical and emotional harm, including job security and health.
  3. Love and Belongingness Needs: Emotional relationships, including friendships, family, and social connections.
  4. Esteem Needs: Self-esteem, respect from others, and recognition, leading to feelings of accomplishment.
  5. Self-Actualization Needs: The desire for personal growth, fulfillment, and realizing one’s potential.
29
Q
  • Australian psychologist
  • Hawthorne Studies
  • Research highlighting the impact of social relations and employee well-being on productivity.
A

Elton Mayo

30
Q

His work laid the foundation for the human relations movement in management, which focused on improving employee morale and well-being to enhance productivity.

A

Elton Mayo

31
Q

An American psychologist, is best known as the founder of Behaviorism,

A

J.B. Watson

32
Q

a psychological theory that focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes.

A

Behaviorism

33
Q

He believed that all behaviors are learned through interactions with the environment, emphasizing classical conditioning, as demonstrated in his “Little Albert” experiment, where a child was conditioned to fear a white rat.

A

J.B. Watson

34
Q

Known as the father of Scientific Management

A

Frederick Taylor

35
Q

a theory that applies scientific principles to improve work efficiency and productivity.

A

Scientific Management

36
Q

He introduced methods such as time studies, standardization of tools and tasks, and systematic training of workers to optimize performance.

A

Frederick Taylor

37
Q

an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis,

A

Sigmund Freud

38
Q

human behavior is influenced by unconscious motives, desires, and conflicts, often rooted in early childhood experiences.

A

Psychoanalytical Theory

39
Q

Psychoanalytical Theory STAGE

A
  1. Id:
  2. Ego:
  3. Superego:
40
Q
  • unconscious part of the mind
  • Meets basic needs & seeks to bring us pleasure
A

Id:

41
Q
  • Conscious part of the mind (rational self)
  • Aware of reality
  • How do we get done what the ID wants/
A

Ego:

42
Q
  • Unconscious part of the mind that acts as our conscience
  • Morality
A

Superego:

43
Q
  • Russian psychologist
  • Social Development
A

Lev Vygotsky

44
Q

the processes through which individuals learn to interact with others and navigate social structures and relationships.

A

Social Development

45
Q

Stages of Social Development

A
  1. Social Interaction
  2. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD):
  3. Cultural Tools:
  4. Scaffolding:
46
Q

This concept refers to the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance.

A

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD):

47
Q

______ play a crucial role in cognitive development.

A

social interactions

48
Q

Culture provides tools (language, symbols, and technology) that shape cognitive development. Language, in particular, is a critical tool for thought and communication.

A

Cultural Tools:

49
Q

This refers to the support provided by a teacher or mentor that enables learners to accomplish tasks within their ZPD.

A

Scaffolding:

50
Q

German-American psychologist
Psychosocial

A

Erik Erikson

51
Q

the evolution of an individual’s social and emotional skills throughout their lifespan.

A

Psychosocial

52
Q

Psychosocial Stage

A

Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood)
Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool Age)
Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age)
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence)
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood)
Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood)
Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood)

53
Q

The progression of mental processes and abilities related to thinking, learning, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making throughout a person’s life.

A

Cognitive Development

53
Q
  • Swiss psychologist
  • Cognitive Development
A

Jean Piaget

54
Q

Cognitive Development Stage

A
  1. Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years):
  2. Preoperational Stage (2-7 years):
  3. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years):
  4. Formal Operational Stage (12 years and up):
55
Q
  • American psychologist
  • Moral Development
A

Lawrence Kohlberg

56
Q

outlines how individuals progress through different stages of moral reasoning.

A

Moral Development

57
Q

Moral Development Stage

A
  1. Pre-conventional Level:
  2. Conventional Level:
  3. Post-conventional Level:
58
Q

Models of Individual Behavior

A
  1. Rational Economic Mind
  2. Social Mind
  3. Organizational Mind
  4. Self-Actuating Mind
  5. Complex Mind
59
Q

Assumes individuals make decisions based on logic and self-interest to maximize utility.

A

Rational Economic Mind:

60
Q

Emphasizes the influence of social interactions and group dynamics on behavior.

A

Social Mind:

61
Q

Focuses on how organizational structures and cultures shape individual actions.

A

Organizational Mind:

62
Q

Highlights personal growth and intrinsic motivation towards self-actualization.

A

Self-Actuating Mind:

63
Q

Recognizes the multifaceted nature of behavior, influenced by cognitive, emotional, and environmental factors.

A

Complex Mind:

64
Q

Understand the reasons behind employees’ actions, attitudes, and motivations using various theories.

A

To Explain Behavior:

65
Q

What are the Goals of Organizational Behavior

A
  1. To Explain Behavior:
  2. To Predict Behavior:
  3. To Control Behavior:
66
Q

Anticipate how employees will behave in different situations to inform managerial decisions.

A

To Predict Behavior:

67
Q

Influence or change employee behavior through policies, procedures, or training programs that encourage desired actions.

A

To Control Behavior:

68
Q

Factors affecting the individual behavior

A
  1. Personal factors
  2. Psychological
  3. Organizational systems and resources
  4. Environmental factors
69
Q

Psychological

A

Personality
Perception
Attitudes
Values
learning

69
Q

Personal factors.

A

Age
Education
Gender
Religion
marital status
creativity

70
Q

Organizational systems and resources

A

physical facilities
Organization structure, and design
Leadership
reward.

71
Q

Environmental factors

A

Economic
Social
Cultura
Legal
political.

2nd year - 1st sem (15 decks)

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