HazMat Chp. 4 Flashcards
On scene response must always be based on ___ and ___ . Regardless of the nature of the incident and response, reliance on standardized procedures will bring consistency to tactical operation.
Structured and standardized system of protocols and procedures
If the situation potentially involved ___ or ___ this reliance on standardized tactical response procedures will help___ the risk of exposure to all responders
HazMat or WMD
minimize
The ___ also includes an incident commander’s tactical worksheet to guide the user through the incident management process
Field Operations Guide (FOG)
Experience has shown that the critical factor in hour 1 of a hazmat response will typically be
(1) the ability to establish command and control
(2) the ability responders to recognize “clues” that indicate the incident may involve hazardous materials
(3) the ability of responders to gain control of the incident scene and separate bystanders from the problems
The ability of emergency responders initially to size-up and assess the clues that hazmat may be involved start with___
The quantity and quality of information provided by Communication (or Dispatch)
___ outlines the basic tactical function to be evaluated and implemented at the incident Involving hazardous materials
The eight step process
(1) it recognizes that the majority of the incident involving hazardous materials are minor in nature and generally involve limited quantities
(2) it also builds on the action of the first responding units and facilities identifying the role and responsibilities of each level of response
The Eight Step process ( benefits)
(1) A flexible management system that expands as the scope and magnitude of the incident grows
(2) a consistent management structure, regardless of the classes of hazardous materials involved
The Eight step process (Provides)
The eight functions typically follow an implementation timeline at the incident:
1) Site Management
2) Identify the Problem
3) Hazard Assessment and Risk Evaluation
4) Select Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
5) Information Management and Resources Coordinations
6) Implementation Response Objectives
7) Decontamination (Devon) and Clean-Up Operations
8) Terminate the Incident
__ involves managing and securing the physical layout of the incident
Step 1 : Site Management and Control
Site Management and Control is a critical benchmark in the overall success of the response and is the the foundation on which all subsequent ___, ___, and___ are built.
Response function, strategies and tactics
The first law of hot zone operation when dealing with hazardous materials : to play the game you must:
- Be trained to play
- Be dressed to play
- Have a buddy system with back up personnel (minimum 2in/2out)
- Have a Decon establish
- Coordinate with Command and Safety
Some chemicals may produce vapor clouds that may be mistaken for fog or other normal weather in environmental conditions
- Anhydrous ammonia
* Liquefied petroleum gas or LPG
Step 2 in the eight step process
Identifying the problem
Identifying The scope and nature of the problem this includes:
- Recognition,identification, and verification of the hazardous material/WMD involved in the incident
- Type of container as applicable
- Exposure
THE ACTION OF STEP 2
Method of identification includes:
Analyzing container shapes, marking , labels and Placard it, and facility documents, (e.g., pre-incident plan, Tier 2 reporting forms, SDS); using monitor and detection equipment; and identifying by the by senses (i.e. physical observation smell, reporting for victims etc.)
Responders should remember that even when they hazardous substance has been initially ____, the information should always be____.
identified
verified
Involves managing in securing the physical layout of the incident
Goals for step one site management
Identify the scope on the nature of the problem, including the type and nature of the hazardous material involved
Goals for Step 2: identifying the problem
Clues for determining the identity of the materials involved include:
- Occupancy and location
- Container shape
- Markings and colors
- Placards and labels
- Shipping papers or facility documents •Monitoring in detecting equipment
Checklist for Step 2
Objective is to obtain information on site layout, container, physical hazards, access, and other related conditions from beyond the inner perimeter
Defensive Recon
Objective is to obtain intel and incident information by physically entering the perimeter
Offensive Recon
Factors to consider in assessing the type of container involved include:
- Bulk versus nonbluck
- Pressurized versus non-pressurized
- Number of compartments
- Materials of construction
- Container valves, piping, and pressure relief device
This is the most critical function that Public Safety personnel perform
Step 3: Hazardous Assessment and Risk Evaluation
The primary objective of the risk evaluation process is to determine whether or not responder should,___ and what___ and ____ should be pursued to control the problem
intervene
strategic objective
Tactical Options
Assessing the hazards present , evaluating the level of risk, and establishing ____ to make problems go away.
incident action plan (IAP)
Goals for step 3: hazardous assessment risk evaluation
Assess the hazards posed by the problem:
Health, physical, chemical, weapons, other
Checklist for Step 3
Collect, prioritize, and managing hazardous data and information from all sources, as appropriate, include:
- Technical reference manuals •technical information source •hazmat database technical •information specialist
- safety data sheet
- monitoring and detection
Checklist for Step 3
Primary technical information centers available to public safety personnel includes:
- CHEMTREC 800-924-9300
- National response center (NRC), which serves as the federal single point of contact for assessing federal assistances
- state single point contact
- product or container specialist
- state and regional poison control center
Checklist Step 3
Air monitoring ordering and The General has mat behavior model are critical in implementing a____.
“risk-base response”
Understand the relationship between the container and the hazmat involved:
- Stress
- Breach
- Release
- Engulf
- Impingement/Contact
- Harm
Checklist Step 3
Based on risk evaluation process, develop your___ determine whether the incident should be handled___, ___, or by___,
IAP
Offensively , defensively or by non-intervention
Hour 1 priorities within the IAP are as follows:
- Establish site management and Control
- Determine the material/agents involved
- Ensure the safety of all personnel all hazards
- Ensure PPE is appropriate for the hazard •Initiate tactical objectives to accomplish initial rescue decon, medical, and public protection action needs.
- If criminal activity or involve (e.g., terrorism incident maintain integrity of potential evidence)
PACE model of planning:
Primary plan
Alternative plan
Contingency plans and Emergency plans
Requires responded to control/mitigate the emergency from within the area of high risk
Offensive tactics
Permits responders to control/mitigate emergency remote from the area of high risk
defensive tactics
Pursue a passive attack posture until the arrival of additional personnel or equipment, or allowing the fire to burn itself out
Non-intervention tactics
Based on the results of the hazard and risk assessment (Step 3) process, emergency response personnel must select the proper level ____
Personnel Protective clothing and equipment
Two primary types of personal protective clothing are commonly used hazmat incident
1) Structural firefighting protective clothing
2) Chemical protective clothing
To ensure all emergency response personnel have the appropriate level of PPE for the expected task
The goal of Step 4
The test to be performed step 4
Entry, decon, support
Chemical vapor protective clothing may also be referred to as
EPA LEVEL A - (NFPA 1991) it is primarily designed to offer protection from both gases and vapors
Chemical splash protective clothing can also be referred to as
EPA LEVEL B - (NFPA 1992 or 1994) “ (NFPA 1992 or 1994) based on the garment, it’s design and chemical resistance” it is primarily designed to provide personal protection against liquids glasses solids, dust, and particles it can be from both single and multi piece garment ensembles AIR SUPPLIED RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Chemical protective clothing when air purifying respirator and provided personal protection against liquids glasses solids, dust, and particles
EPA LEVEL C (NFPA 1992 or 1994) based on the garment, it’s design and chemical resistance
If the incident involves CBRN agents ensure both skin and respiratory protection can provide the required level personal protection
SN
Refers to the proper management, coordination and dissemination of all pertinent data and information within the ICS in the effect at the same
Step 5: Information management in resource coordination
Provides for the timely and effective management coordination dissemination of all pertinent data and information and resources among all the players
Goals of step five information management in resource coordination
The phase where emergency responders implement the best available strategic goals and tactical objectives which will produce the most favorable outcome
Step 6: Implement response objective
SN: if the incident is in the emergency phase, this is where we “make the problem go away“
Common strategies to protect people and stabilize the problem include:
Rescue, public protective action, spilled control, leak control, fire control, and recovery operation
If the incident is in the post-emergency response phase, the focus of response personnel will be likely become
Scene safety, clean up, evidence preservation and incident investigation
Specific task in step six will include:
1) initial site entry and monitoring to determine the extent of the hazards present
2) and evaluation of the scene to locate evidence that can be used to reconstruct the event leading up to the incident
3) identification of the contributing factors that caused the incident
4) Interviewing on scene personal and witness to corroborate the information obtained and opinions formed based on available data
5) Documentation of preliminary results
Ensure the incident priorities are accomplished in the safe timely and effective manner
The goal of step six
Rapidly changing incident conditions may require using multiple tactics simultaneously or switching from one tactics to another. Defensive tactics are always desirable over offense of tactics if they can accomplish the same objective
SN
Ensure entry teams have been briefed prior to being allowed to enter the hot zone.
For hazardous material emergencies, this include the following:
- All watches, jewelry and personal valuables (e.g. wallet, cell phones) have been removed. •Objectives of the entry operations
- Known hazards within the area, including physical hazard (e.g. down powerlines, stairwells, open pit )
- Safety procedures include medical, radio communications, SCBA, and PPE checks •Emergency procedures include placement of back up team, escape signal, and escape Corridor
- Decon areas location, set up procedures
Decon should be set up ___.
prior to initiating entry operations
For situation where Civilians are down and chemical exposures are suspected, emergency decon must be established ___.
as soon as possible
___ is the process of making personnel, equipment, and supplies “safety” by reducing or eliminating harmful substance (i.e. contaminants) present when entering and working contaminated area (i.e.,hot zone or inner perimeter)
Decontamination
Ensure the safety of both emergency responders and the public by reducing the level of contamination on scene and minimizing the potential for secondary to lamination beyond the incident scene
Goals of step seven
Basic principles of mass casualty decon includes the following;
- anticipate a 5 to 1 ratio on unaffected to affected casualties
- Decon ASAP
- Disrobing is decon
- Water flushing for a period of three minutes is generally the best decon method
- after exposure to hazardous material, responders must decon ASAP to avoid serious effects
This is the ___ of emergency response activity in the initiation of___ investigation,restoration, and recovery activities
termination
Post-emergency response operation
Step 8: Terminate the Incident
Most critiques want to be one of three categories
1) We lie to each other about what a great job we just did
2) We beat up of each other for screwing up
3) We focus on the lesson learned the changes/improvements that must mean to our response system
