Hazards Additional Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an example of a constructive boundary?

A
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland
  • North American and Eurasian paltes
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2
Q

What is an example of a conservative boundary?

A
  • San Andreas Fault, California
  • North American and Pacific plates
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3
Q

What is an example of a destructive subduction boundary?

A
  • South America
  • Nazca and South American plates
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4
Q

What is an example of a destructive collision boundary?

A
  • The Himalayas
  • Indian and Eurasian plates
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5
Q

What are the three examples of earthquakes in the Himalayan collision zone?

A
  • Kashmir (2005)
  • Sichuan (2008)
  • Gorkha (2015)
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6
Q

What percentage of earthquake deaths were caused by three earthquakes in the Himalayan collision zone?

A

40% since 2005

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7
Q

What is an example of risk sharing?

A
  • Increased cooperation between the NEMA and the NZ government since 2014
  • Community insurance to implement mitigation strategies
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8
Q

What is an example of volcanic ash fall?

A

Mount Merapi, Indonesia (2010)
- VEI 4
- 350 deaths
- 350,000 evacuated
- Ash fell up to 40km away from the volcano

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9
Q

What is an example of large volcanic ash fall?

A

Lake Nyos Eruption, Cameroon (1986)

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10
Q

What is an example of a large pyroclastic flow?

A

Mount St. Helens, USA (1980)

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11
Q

What is an example of a lahar?

A
  • Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia (1985)
  • 4 large lahars
  • Stratovolcano
  • Armero tragedy
  • 23,000 deaths
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12
Q

What is an example of a tsunami?

A
  • Boxing Day tsunami, SE Asia (2004)
  • 9.3 magnitude
  • 230,000 deaths
  • Crustal fracturing as a 1000km fault ruptured
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13
Q

What are examples of responses to an earthquake?

A

Gorkha, Nepal (2015)
- 7.9 magnitude
- 500,000 tents set up outside og Kathmandu

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14
Q

What happened during the UK wildfires (2018)?

A
  • Winter Hill and Saddleworth Moor
  • 9,000 acres of farmland burned
  • 50 homes evacuated in GM
  • Occurred between June and September
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15
Q

What happened during the mainland Greece wildfires (2018)?

A
  • Dry soils due to low rainfall
  • Summer heatwave and a drought
  • Strong winds caused wildfire spread to towns and tourist resorts
  • 70 deaths
  • Greek PM assumed full responsibility
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16
Q

What happened during the California wildfires (2017)?

A
  • 10,000 buildings damaged or destroyed
  • 43 deaths
  • $1.8 billion spent on fire suppression
17
Q

What has happened in Indonesia concerning wildfire risk?

A
  • Extensive slash and burn forestry for palm oil in areas of peaty soil
  • TNCs such as Wilmar have signed zero-deforestation pledges
  • Indonesian government has begun to develop a GIS system