Hazards Flashcards
L1 | How many people were killed by the Kashmir earthquake?
75,000
L1 | Define geophysical
Caused by tectonics
L1 | What is the hazard risk equation?
Frequency of hazard * level of vulnerability
_________________________________
Capacity to cope
L1 | What does Dregg’s Model class as a disaster?
A hazard (geophysical or hydro meteorological) that is vulnerable to the population (lives or economy)
L1 | What is Nepal’s population?
28 million
L2 | What is ENSO?
El Nino Southern Oscillation
L2 | Which part of the Pacific ocean does El Nino affect?
Eastern
L2 | What is the counterpart to El Nino?
La Nina
L2 | What causes El Nino?
Trade winds driving water west weaken, warming it up Eastern water closer to South America
L2 | What generally causes La Nina
Cooler subsurface water in the tropical Pacific
L3 | What is Thermohaline Circulation?
The process of water being transported by different temperatures and salinity
L3 | What is the name of the strongest recorded Typhoon?
Haiyan
L3 | How are typhoons formed?
A tropical thunderstorm gains moisture from the ocean, heating it up. More evaporation occurs into the eye of the typhoon, forming a circular flow of wind.
L3 | How wide can a cluster be?
300 miles
L3 | What is a typhoon called in the North Atlantic ocean?
Hurricane
L4 | Define disaster hotspot
An area vulnerable to 2 or more hazards
L4 | How many islands does the Philippines consist of?
About 7,000
L4 | Name some of the hazards the Philippines are vulnerable to
Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Flooding
L4 | When is the Philippines monsoon season?
June to September
L4 | Which plate does the Philippine plate subduct under during an earthquake?
Eurasian
L5 | What rank is the Philippines in terms of being a disaster prone country?
4th
L5 | What hazard is Manila mainly at risk from?
Volcanoes (Pinatubo)
L5 | Why might Manila be able to afford to fix the disaster?
Low levels of poverty
L5 | Why are typhoons such a great risk?
Very frequent
L5 | Why might Manila be at risk of poverty?
Increased population and growth costs more for services
L6 | What are the sea temperatures in the Philippines?
26 degrees
L6 | What physical aspect of land makes the Philippines vulnerable to floods?
Low-lying land
L6 | What’s the name of the 2015 landslide?
La Chonchita
L6 | What is a landslide?
The redistribution of soil and earth due to gravity acting against a sloped area
L6 | Name some causes of landslides
Slopes, Eroded land (rain), Lack of vegetation (roots) and human stress from weight
L7 | Describe the relationship between the Pacific plate and the North American plate
Conservative
L7 | What fault line is California located on?
San Andreas
L7 | How do the earthquakes occur
When the plates slide past each other, an excess build up of energy gets released in the form of an earthquake
L7 | What type of wave released by earthquakes is the main source of damage to land?
Surface waves
L7 | How much of San Fransisco was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake?
80%
L8 | What are the causes of droughts in California?
Overuse of water, limited supply
L8 | Where in California does 75% of its water come from?
Sacremento
L8 | What is California’s population now?
40 million
L8 | Which plants are extremely vulnerable to bushfires?
Chaparral
L8 | Name some factors causing flooding
Rivers, Increased surface run off, lakes, groundwater, living of a floodplain
L9 | Which hazard is London’s biggest threat?
Flooding
L9 | Why is Heathrow greatly at risk
Flooding cancels loads of flights
L9 | What does the River Thames Scheme want to achieve?
Flood proof housing
L9 | Who are really affected by floods in London?
Those living closest to the Thames
L9 | How does housing increase flooding chances?
More surface run off
