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AS 6GE01 - Global Networks (12B) > Climate Change > Flashcards

Climate Change Flashcards

1
Q

L1 | In a 24 hour clock, when did humans come to exist?

A

11:58

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2
Q

L1 | What shape has the graph on our global temperature followed in recent years?

A

Hockey Stick

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3
Q

L1 | Define paleoclimate

A

The prevalent climate in a given period of time

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4
Q

L1 | State 3 methods measuring temperature changes over time

A

Tree rings, Ice cores, Retreating glaciers, Pollen analysis, Scientific research

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5
Q

L1 | Why was it harder to study about the Earth further back in time?

A

Because the lack of technology meant we had to use long term techniques which weren’t as useful

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6
Q

L2 | Define anthropogenic

A

Caused by human activity

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7
Q

L2 | What are some changes that occur with changes in temperature?

A

Rising sea levels, Change in rainfall patterns, Change in windfall, Changes in extreme patterns

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8
Q

L2 | What happens during the Milankovitch cycle?

A

The Earth’s orbit becomes more elliptical, meaning the amount of heat reaching the Earth changes

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9
Q

L2 | What is the Albedo Effect?

A

When sunlight reflects of surfaces, resulting in heating

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10
Q

L2 | How often does the Milankovitch cycle occur?

A

Every 100,000 years

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11
Q

L3 | Name the main anthropogenic cause of global warming

A

Greenhouse gases

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12
Q

L3 | Why is drought bad in Africa?

A

Because it leads to crop failure, a major part of their income

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13
Q

L3 | Name 2 of the 6 situations that make Africa vulnerable to climate change

A

Water resources, Food security, Natural resources, Diseases, Sea-level rise, Desertification

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14
Q

L3 | What percent of Africa’s GDP would have to be spent on adaptions?

A

5-10%

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15
Q

L3 | Where in Africa is coral bleaching a problem?

A

Zanzibar

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16
Q

L4 | Why can’t Africa have sea defences?

A

They can’t afford them

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17
Q

L4 | How do Arctic plants keep the area cold?

A

They intake CO2 much faster than coils release them

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18
Q

L4 | Without the GH effect, how much cooler would the Earth be?

A

33 degrees

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19
Q

L4 | What type of forest occurs in these cold regions?

A

Boreal

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20
Q

L4 | Why is melting permafrost bad?

A

Leads to collapsing buildings, roads and others

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21
Q

L5 | Since 1970, how much has CO2 levels increased by?

A

80%

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22
Q

L5 | What is meant by unprecedented change?

A

Never seen before

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23
Q

L5 | What 2 things slow CO2 release in the air

A

Forests and Trees

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24
Q

L6 | What is Eustatic change?

A

Change in sea levels due to change in amounts of water

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25
Q

L6 | What makes a floodplain very fertile?

A

Rich alluvium

26
Q

L6 | Names ways the sea levels could rise?

A

Expanding water, melting ice

27
Q

L6 | What are impacts of sea level rise?

A

Loss of farmland, increased risks of natural hazard, displacement of people

28
Q

L6 | How to dams reduce sea levels?

A

Prevent as much water reaching the ocean from rivers

29
Q

L7 | What is a carbon sink?

A

Something that absorbs carbon dioxide

30
Q

L7 | How do carbon credits work?

A

They give a certain amount to each countries as to how much CO2 they can release

31
Q

L7 | What percentage of carbon released is from deforestation?

A

18%

32
Q

L8 | Define tipping point.

A

The point of evolution in something where it reaches a new, irreversible state

33
Q

L8 | How could a warmer world affect the Amazon Rainforest

A

Less rainfall affects it’s whole ecosystem (vegetation and animals)

34
Q

L8 | What is the predicted increase in climate by 2050?

A

2 degrees

35
Q

L8 | Why can’t boreal forests survive in the increasing temperature

A

They are specialised in colder regions such as Canada and Siberia

36
Q

L8 | When do scientists predict the tipping point of Greenland Ice?

A

50 years or so

37
Q

L9 | Define mitigation

A

Completely preventing the issue from occurring

38
Q

L9 | Define adaptation

A

Measures taken in order to reduce the effects of an issue that is already taking place

39
Q

L9 | Give examples of mitigation stratergies

A

Reduced air transport, Energy conservation

40
Q

L9 | Give examples of adaptation stratergies

A

Sewer upgrade, control of evasive species

41
Q

L9 | What is carbon sequestration?

A

The process of storing carbon for long times, to mitigate global warming

42
Q

L10 | Where and when was the Protocal drawn up?

A

Kyoto (Japan), 1997

43
Q

L10 | What percent of the carbon emitting countries needed to accept the agreement for it to take place?

A

55%

44
Q

L10 | Which 2 big polluting countries haven’t signed the pact?

A

Australia and USA

45
Q

L10 | How much did leaders decide they wanted to reduce greenhouse gases by by 2050?

A

50%

46
Q

L10 | What is the UK strategy to reduce emissions?

A

Car tax or VED (Vehicle Excise Duty) with different tax bands per car

47
Q

L11 | What is Agenda 21?

A

A program run by the UN in order to achieve sustainability locally, nationally and globally.

48
Q

L11 | How does Carbon Trading work?

A

The EU assign permits for polluting. Larger TNCs buy permits from ones who don’t need it.

49
Q

L11 | What will the Drain London Forum do?

A

Show areas at rick from flooding

50
Q

L11 | By 2012, how much did the EU need to reduce emissions by?

A

8%

51
Q

L11 | Why aren’t USA joining the protocol?

A

They are very big polluters and they would not be able to control their pollution

52
Q

L12 | What does CCS stand for?

A

Carbon Capture Storage

53
Q

L12 | Give methods of efficient transport

A

Car sharing, Less polluting cars

54
Q

L12 | Why are solar panel unattractive to people?

A

They are very expensive to fit and they have a long payback time

55
Q

L12 | What is an issue with Tree storage?

A

Battles on the use of the land there

56
Q

L12 | What is the biggest flaw with nuclear power?

A

Nuclear waste leakage

57
Q

L13 | State the cycle of climate change

A

Higher temperatures -> Increased evaporation -> Worsening greenhouse effect -> More uncertainty -> More impacts

58
Q

L13 | Why can’t farmers get jobs once farms end

A

They don’t have any other skills and are illiterate

59
Q

L13 | Name a few factors of poverty

A

Hazards, Bad housing, Population growth, Famine, Illiteracy, Debt

60
Q

L13 | How has climate change affected water supplies?

A

Increased evaporation, Less available water

61
Q

L13 | Why don’t a lot of children go into education

A

Can’t afford it, They live in too rural an area

AS 6GE01 - Global Networks (12B) (21 decks)

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