HAV_High_Yield_Flashcards
What is the family and genome type of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)?
Family: Picornaviridae. Genome: Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA), 7.5 kb.
What is the structure of HAV?
HAV is non-enveloped with icosahedral symmetry and only one serotype (Enterovirus 72).
How stable is HAV in the environment?
HAV is heat and acid stable and can survive drying, freezing, and pH extremes.
How is HAV transmitted?
Through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water.
What is the incubation period for HAV?
3–5 weeks.
What are the common symptoms of HAV?
Jaundice, fatigue, nausea, dark urine, pale stool, and right upper quadrant pain.
Is HAV associated with chronic infection?
No, HAV causes a self-limiting acute infection with no chronicity.
What clinical features are diagnostic of HAV?
Jaundice and other symptoms of acute hepatitis.
What serological markers are used to diagnose HAV?
IgM: Indicates recent/acute infection. IgG: Indicates past infection or immunity.
What is the role of PCR in diagnosing HAV?
Detects HAV RNA in blood or stool, especially during the early phase of infection.
Which liver enzymes are elevated in HAV infection?
ALT and AST, peaking around symptom onset.
When is the HAV virus shed in feces?
During the incubation phase, peaking before symptoms appear.
How is HAV managed?
It is self-limiting; supportive care is sufficient (hydration, rest).
When is immunoglobulin used for HAV?
Within 1–2 weeks post-exposure for prophylaxis.
What types of vaccines are available for HAV?
Formalin-inactivated vaccines and live attenuated vaccines.
