2. mumps Flashcards
What is the causative agent of mumps?
Mumps is caused by a paramyxovirus.
What is the morphology and size of the mumps virus?
Paramyxovirus with HA and NA; size is 100–170 nm.
How many serotypes does the mumps virus have?
The mumps virus has a single serotype.
How is mumps transmitted?
Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets and contact with saliva or urine.
What is the incubation period of mumps?
The incubation period is approximately 18 days.
What is the primary site of mumps virus replication?
The virus initially replicates in the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract.
How does the mumps virus spread systemically?
It spreads via viremia to other organs, including salivary glands, CNS, and gonads.
What immune response is critical in controlling mumps spread?
Cell-mediated immunity is crucial for limiting viral spread.
What is the classic symptom of mumps affecting the salivary glands?
Parotitis (inflammation of the parotid glands).
What percentage of mumps cases result in parotitis?
Parotitis occurs in ~50% of cases.
Is parotitis in mumps usually unilateral or bilateral?
Parotitis in mumps is usually bilateral.
What is the CNS complication associated with mumps?
Meningoencephalitis is a CNS complication of mumps.
What percentage of mumps cases involve CNS complications?
CNS complications occur in ~15% of cases.
How does mumps affect the pancreas, and what disease is it linked to?
It can cause pancreatitis, which is linked to diabetes mellitus.
What renal findings are associated with mumps?
Proteinuria, hematuria, and viruria are renal findings in mumps.
For how long can the mumps virus be detected in the urine after symptoms appear?
The virus can be detected in the urine for up to 14 days after symptom onset.
What are the gonadal complications of mumps in males?
Orchitis and epididymitis.
What is the potential outcome of mumps orchitis?
Mumps orchitis can lead to sterility or infertility, often unilateral.
What respiratory complication is associated with mumps?
Bronchopneumonia is a respiratory complication of mumps.
What percentage of mumps cases are subclinical?
Approximately one-third of mumps cases are subclinical.
Why is mumps difficult to control in terms of transmission?
Transmission is difficult to control due to asymptomatic cases, saliva shedding, and variable incubation.
What are the cytopathic effects (CPE) observed in mumps culture?
CPE includes cell rounding, syncytial formation, and giant cell formation.
What types of specimens are used for mumps diagnosis?
Respiratory secretions, saliva, and urine are used for diagnosis.
What laboratory tests are used to confirm mumps infection?
ELISA, PCR, immunofluorescence, and culture using monkey kidney cells.
What is the significance of a 4-fold rise in IgM in mumps serology?
A 4-fold rise in IgM indicates active mumps infection.
What histological findings are typical in mumps infection?
Histological findings include cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusion bodies.
What is the treatment approach for mumps?
Treatment is supportive; no antiviral drugs are available.
What are the components and strain of the MMR vaccine for mumps?
MMR contains a live attenuated mumps vaccine using the Jerly Lynn strain.
What is the vaccination schedule for MMR?
The MMR schedule is 18 months and 6 years.
What is the role of cell-mediated immunity in mumps?
It prevents cell-to-cell spread of the virus.
What factors make mumps highly contagious?
A long incubation period and asymptomatic carriers make it highly contagious.
What is the role of the Jerly Lynn strain in mumps prevention?
It is the live attenuated strain used in the MMR vaccine.
