HAPA

Question 1

What are the issues with the behaviour-intention gap?

Answer 1

One of the major difficulties is the idea of assuming behaviour change from behavioural intentions.
Models are not great at predicting behavioural intentions. Even if behaviour is assumed to be rational, there can be many reasons why behaviour isnt put into practice

Question 2

What did Gollwitzer (1999) come up with?

Answer 2

Implementation intentions

Question 3

How can Implemantation Intetntions affect behaviour?

Answer 3

They decide actually how, what and when they’re going to do. i.e. tonight I’m going to go to the shop to get healthy foods so that I can start eating healthy breakfasts before work

Question 4

What did Orbell (1997) find?

Answer 4

That adding implementation intentions to attitudes, social norms and intentions increased prediction of self breast examination.

Question 5

What does HAPA stand for?

Answer 5

Health Action Process Approach

Question 6

Who came up with HAPA?

Answer 6

Schwarzer (1992)

Question 7

What are the two distinct phases?

Answer 7

Motivational Stage

Action Stage

Question 8

What makes up the motivational stage?

Answer 8

Self Efficacy
Outcome Expectancies
Risk Perception

Question 9

What Happens in the action stage?

Answer 9

It requires an action plan and control of one’s behaviour. Everything is situational, adherence is more likely if there is good social support and there are a lack of barriers. Self regulation occurs in this stage and a lack of acting leads to disengagement.

Question 10

How is HAPA different to other models?

Answer 10

Bridges the attention behaviour gap by adding in processes, it views health behaviour as a process with a pre-intentional motivational stage and a post-intentional volitional phase

Question 11

What did Schwarzer, (2003) find?

Answer 11

This study confirmed that there is a self-regulatory aspect to health behaviours, which is important in explaining the onset and maintanence of self breast examination.

Question 12

Describe Mak et al. (2015)

Answer 12

Groups using HAPA-enhanced mental health interventions showed significantly higher levels of mindfulness. This was sustained and was even seen after a 3 month follow up.

Question 13

What did Lippke and Plantikoff (2016) find?

Answer 13

they found evidence for the two process stages (motivational and volitional) in diabetics.

Question 14

what did Mckay et al. (2016) find?

Answer 14

They found that HAPA was a useful predictor of behaviour change in regards to young girls starting to play sports after the age of 11.