Adherence Studies

Question 1

According to Schlenk et al. (2004), what percent of hospital admissions are due to non adherence to medication?

Answer 1

10% of hospital admissions were the result of non adherence to medication.

Question 2

According to McLaughlin et al. (2005) what did non adherence lead to in the elderly?

Answer 2

Hospitalisations, re hospitalisations and nursing home admissions are a direct consequence of non-adherence

Question 3

According to the WHO (2006) what can non adherence lead to?

Answer 3

poor medication taking behaviour can lead to serious adverse outcomes or even death.

Question 4

What did Friske and Kincaid (1992) say?

Answer 4

There are Higher non-adherence rates in adults over the age of 75

Question 5

What did Edelman (1999) say?

Answer 5

The older people get, the more likely they are to adhere, until the point of 75, when it declines.

Question 6

what did Morrel et al (1989) say?

Answer 6

Age may be conceptualised as influencing medication adherence through cognitive factors i.e. Younger people feel invincible, old people will die soon anyway
and
Elderly people reported worse prescription information recall

Question 7

What did Salthouse (1991) say?

Answer 7

Older people forget. Working memory declines with age,

Question 8

what did Charles et al. (2001) say?

Answer 8

African Americans were significantly less adherent than their white counterparts when taking Cardiac medications

Question 9

Rahul et al. (2006) say?

Answer 9

African Americans were significantly less adherent than their white counterparts when taking Diabetes Medications`

Question 10

What did Chen et al. (2014) say ?

Answer 10

Male Patients adhere more effectively than female patients.

Question 11

What did Monteiffel et al. (2014) do/find?

Answer 11

They analysed the pharmacy and medical claims of 16 million women and 13.5 million men and found that women were less likely to adhere to the use of chronic medication than men .

Question 12

What did Nehemtus and Gebur, (2001) find?

Answer 12

unemployment generally decreases adherence to medical treatments

Question 13

What did Kardas et al. (2003) find?

Answer 13

Economic factors: unemployment, poverty and lack of medical coverage all contribute to non-adherence as people cannot afford the medication in order to adhere to it.

Question 14

What did Kalichman et al. (1999) say?

Answer 14

individuals seeking treatment for HIV/AIDS were less likely to be adherent if they had a lower education level.

Question 15

What did Goln et al. 2002 find?

Answer 15

It was a Prospective study using HIV infected patients. Found that:
African American ethnicity
Lower income/ education level
Alcohol use
Higher dose frequency 
Adherence aids (Pill boxes/timers)
to all be predictors of low adherence

Question 16

What did Chesney, (2003) Find?

Answer 16

Participants with a current drug or alcohol problem at baseline were less likely to adhere to medications

Question 17

What did Sherbourne et al. (1992) find?

Answer 17

People who were younger and relied upon avoidant coping strategies adhered less

People who were distressed about their health used avoidant coping strategies

Social support contributed to adherence in patients with diabetes

Question 18

What did DiMatteo et al. (2004) find?

Answer 18

Adherence is 1.75 times higher in patients with COHESIVE families/ 1.53 times lower in CONFLICTING families. Marital status and living together also increased adherence.

Question 19

What did O’brien et al. (1992) say?

Answer 19

Doctor patient relationship can improve adherence

Question 20

What did NHS employers (2016) say?

Answer 20

65% of consultants are male, and 55% of all medical and dental staff are also