Adherence Flashcards
According to Schlenk et al. (2004), what percent of hospital admissions are due to non adherence to medication?
10% of hospital admissions were the result of non adherence to medication.
According to McLaughlin et al. (2005) what did non adherence lead to in the elderly?
Hospitalisations, re hospitalisations and nursing home admissions are a direct consequence of non-adherence
According to the WHO (2006) what can non adherence lead to?
poor medication taking behaviour can lead to serious adverse outcomes or even death.
What are the demographic factors that can affect adherence rates?
Age Race Sex Unemployment Education Level
What are the personal factors affecting non-adherence?
Drug use
Social Support
How does age affect non-adherence?
Higher non-adherence rates in adults over the age of 75 (Friske and Kincaid, 1992)
The older people get, the more likely they are to adhere, until the point of 75, when it declines. (Edelman, 1999)
Why might age affect non adherence?
Age may be conceptualised as influencing medication adherence through cognitive factors (Morrel et al. 1989) i.e. Younger people feel invincible, old people will die soon anyway
Elderly people reported worse prescription information recall (Morrell et al. 1989)
Older people forget. Working memory declines with age, Salthouse (1991)
How does sex affect adherence?
Male Patients adhere more effectively than female patients. (Chen et al. 2014)
Women are less likely to adhere to the use of chronic medications than men (Monteiffel et al. 2014)
What did Monteiffel et al. (2014) do/find?
They analysed the pharmacy and medical claims of 16 million women and 13.5 million men and found that women were less likely to adhere to the use of chronic medication than men .
How does unemployment affect adherence?
unemployment generally decreases adherence to medical treatments (Nehemtus and Gebur, 2001)
Why might unemployment affect adherence?
Economic factors: unemployment, poverty and lack of medical coverage all contribute to non-adherence (Kardas et al. 2003) as people cannot afford the medication in order to adhere to it.
How does education level effect adherence?
Kalichman et al. (1999) found that individuals seeking treatment for HIV/AIDS were less likely to be adherent if they had a lower education level.
What did Goln et al. 2002 find to be predictors for non-adherence?
Prospective study using HIV infected patients. Found that: African American ethnicity Lower income/ education level Alcohol use Higher dose frequency Adherence aids (Pill boxes/timers) to all be predictors of low adherence
What did Sherbourne et al. (1992) find about adherence?
People who were younger and relied upon avoidant coping strategies adhered less
People who were distressed about their health used avoidant coping strategies
Social support contributed to adherence in patients with diabetes
How does social support affect adherence?
Social support contributed to adherence in patients with diabetes (Sherbourne et al. 2002)
Adherence is 1.75 times higher in patients with COHESIVE families/ 1.53 times lower in CONFLICTING families. Marital status and living together also increased adherence. DiMatteo et al. (2004)
