Hand & Wrist MMT

Question 1

Wrist: Flexion

Answer 1

Supine “make a gentle fist” then half flexion

Stabilizing arm: forearm

Resistance arm: palm

Question 2

Wrist: Extension

Answer 2

“make a gentle fist” then half extension

Stabilizing arm: forearm

Resistance arm: on posterior hand surface

**Gravity reduced: Hand on its ulnar side

Question 3

Wrist: Radial Deviation

Answer 3

(neutral position)

Stabilizing arm: forearm

Resistance arm: side of second metacarpal

**Gravity reduced: on a flat surface

Testing: Brachioradialis

Question 4

Wrist: Ulnar Deviation

Answer 4

Stabilizing arm: forearm

Resistance arm: push against ulnar side of hand (wouldn’t be/have
a gravity reduced position)

Question 5

Phalanges MCP: Flexion

Answer 5

hand supine, fingers flexed to 90
Stabilizing arm: palm
Resistance arm: volar aspect of proximal phalanx to move against MCP flexion and dorsal aspect of middle phalanx to move against IP extension.

Tests: intrinsic lumbricals & interossei

Question 6

Phalanges MCP: Extension

Answer 6

hand prone, hooked fingers
Stabilizing arm: dorsal aspect of distal metacarpals
Resistance arm: dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx against extension
Tests: extrinsic digital extensors

Question 7

Phalanges MCP: Abduction

Answer 7

prone, finger abducted
Stabilizing arm: pinch hand

Resistance arm: force against proximal phalanx in the direction of the 3rd phalanx

Question 8

Phalanges MCP: Adduction

Answer 8

prone, fingers adducted
Stabilizing arm: pinch hand

Resistance arm: pinch prox.phal. on volar/dorsal side pull away from 3rd phalanx

Tests: palmar/dorsal interossei

Question 9

Phalanges PIP: Flexion

Answer 9

supine, tested finger flexed
Stabilizing arm: palm and fingers not being tested
Resistance arm: volar aspect of middle phalanx against flexion

Tests: flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

Question 10

Phalanges PIP: Extension

Answer 10

prone, fingers extended
Stabilizing arm: hand
Resistance arm: dorsal aspect of middle
phalanx

Tests: central slip of extensor digitorum

Question 11

Phalanges DIP: Flexion

Answer 11

supine, tested finger flexed
Stabilizing arm: palm and fingers not being tested
Resistance arm: volar aspect of distal phalanx against flexion

Tests: flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

Question 12

Phalanges DIP: Extension

Answer 12

prone, fingers extended
Stabilizing arm: hand
Resistance arm: dorsal aspect of distal phalanx

Tests: terminal tendon of extensor digitorum

Question 13

Pollux CMC: Flexion

Answer 13

neutral hand & wrist, thumb on lateral 2nd metacarpal
Stabilizing arm: radial aspect of distal forearm against the table
Resistance arm: anterior aspect of 1st metacarpal against flexion

Question 14

Pollux CMC: Extension

Answer 14

neutral hand & wrist, thumb on lateral 2nd metacarpal
Stabilizing arm: radial aspect of distal forearm against the table
Resistance arm: posterior aspect of 1st metacarpal against extension

Question 15

Pollux CMC: Radial Abduction

Answer 15

neutral hand & wrist, thumb in mild radial abduction
Stabilizing arm: forearm
Resistance arm: lateral aspect of 1st metacarpal against radial abd

Question 16

Pollux CMC: Palmar Abduction

Answer 16

neutral hand & wrist, thumb in mild palm abduction
Stabilizing arm: forearm
Resistance arm: lateral aspect of 1st metacarpal against palmar abd

Question 17

Pollux MCP: Flexion

Answer 17

neutral hand, wrist, & thumb CMC, thumb MCP mild flex
Stabilizing arm: volar/dorsal aspects of distal 1st metacarpal
Resistance arm: volar surface of proximal phalanx against flexion

Question 18

Pollux MCP: Extension

Answer 18

neutral hand, wrist, & thumb CMC, thumb MCP extended
Stabilizing arm: volar/dorsal aspects of distal 1st metacarpal
Resistance arm: dorsal surface of proximal phalanx against extension

Question 19

Pollux IP: Flexion

Answer 19

neutral hand, wrist, thumb CMC, & MCP, thumb IP mild flex
Stabilizing arm: volar/dorsal aspects of proximal phalanx
Resistance arm: volar surface of distal phalanx against flexion

Question 20

Pollux IP: Extension

Answer 20

neutral hand, wrist, thumb CMC, & MCP, thumb IP mild flex
Stabilizing arm: volar/dorsal aspects of proximal phalanx
Resistance arm: dorsal surface of distal phalanx against extension

Tests: extensor pollicis longus (EPL)