Elbow & Forearm

Question 1

Elbow Joint

Answer 1

Humeroulnar: Structural classification: hinge Functional (mechanical) classification: uniaxial
Movements: flexion, extension

Humeroradial: Structural classification: modified hinge Functional (mechanical) classification: biaxial
Movements: flexion, extension, rotation

Ligaments:
-medial ulnar collateral ligament (aka: ulnar collateral ligament): helps prevent medial elbow dislocation

-lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL): prevents posterior elbow dislocation

-radial collateral ligament (RCL): supports humeroradial attachment

Question 2

Radioulnar Joints

Answer 2

Proximal:
Structural classification: pivot
Functional (mechanical) classification: uniaxial
Movements: pronation, supination

Distal:
Structural classification: pivot
Functional classification: uniaxial
movements: pronation, supination

Ligaments:
annular ligament: wraps around radial head, holding the radius and ulna together at their proximal articulation

Question 3

Flexion

Answer 3

Agonist:
- Biceps Brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
-Pronator Teres
-Flexor Carpi Radialis
-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
-Palmaris Longus
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Question 4

Extension

Answer 4

Agonist:
-Triceps Brachii (All Heads)
-Anconeus

Question 5

Supination

Answer 5

Agonist:
-Biceps Brachii
-Supinator
-Brachioradialis

Question 6

Pronation

Answer 6

Agonist:
-Pronator Teres
-Pronator Quadratus

Question 7

Flexors of the elbow

Answer 7

• Biceps Brachii
• Brachialis
• Brachioradialis

Question 8

Extensors of the Elbow

Answer 8

-Triceps Brachii
-Anconeus

Question 9

Primary Rotators of the Forearm

Answer 9

• Biceps Brachii
• Supinator
• Pronator Teres
• Pronator Quadratus