Goniometry Flashcards
Scapular Protraction/Retraction
moves in transverse plane around vertical axis.
-Goniometer axis: superior angle of scapula
-Stationary arm: aligned with midline of trunk in frontal plane
-Movable arm: acromion
Shoulder Flexion/Extension
moves in sagittal plane around frontal axis
-Goniometer axis: lateral aspect of humeral head
-Stationary arm: lateral midline of trunk
-Movable arm: midline of lateral humerus
-Typical Motion:
Flexion- 170°
Extension- 60°
Shoulder Abduction
moves in frontal plane around sagittal axis
-Goniometer axis: posterior/anterior aspect of humeral head
-Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor and parallel to trunk
-Moving arm: posterior/anterior midline of humerus
-Typical Motion: 170°
Shoulder Horizontal Abd/Adduction
moves in transverse plane around sagittal axis
-Goniometer axis: superior aspect of humeral head
-Stationary arm: frontal plane aligned with midline of trunk
-Moving arm: superior aspect of humerus
-Typical Motion:
Horz Abd- 45°
Horz Add- 135°
Shoulder External Rotation
moves in transverse plane around sagittal axis
-Goniometer axis: olecranon
-Stationary arm: perpendicular to ceiling
-Moving arm: midline of ulna
-Typical Motion: 90°
Shoulder Internal Rotation
moves in transverse plane around sagittal axis
-Goniometer axis: olecranon
-Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor
-Moving arm: midline of ulna
-Typical Motion: 70°
Elbow Flexion/Extension
moves in sagittal plane around frontal axis
-Goniometer axis: lateral epicondyle
-Stationary arm: lateral midline of humerus
-Moving arm: lateral midline of radius
-Typical Motion:
Extension/Flexion- 0°-150°
Forearm Pronation
moves in transverse plane around vertical axis
-Goniometer axis: adjacent to distal dorsal ulna
-Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor (humerus against trunk)
-Moving arm: lying against dorsal aspect of distal radius/ulna (proximal to ulnar head)
-Typical Motion:
Pronation- 80°
Forearm Supination
moves in transverse plane around vertical axis
-Goniometer axis: adjacent to distal medial ulna
-Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor (humerus against trunk)
-Moving arm: lying against volar aspect of distal radius/ulna (proximal to ulnar head)
-Typical Motion:
Supination- 80°
Active Range of Motion (AROM)
Movement of a joint provided entirely by the individual performing the exercise
Application: The motion of the client is able to generate independently without assistance.
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
Movement applied to a joint solely by another person or persons
Application: involves motion produced externally by the occupational therapy practitioner, another healthcare provider, or the patient (using the opposite hand to perform PROM). May also be generated by a medical device, such as a custom, dynamic orthosis or constant passive motion (CPM) device.
Active Assisted Range of Motion (AAROM)
Uses the muscles around a weak joint to complete stretching exercises; involving some combination of patient and clinician effort may be used to facilitate motion when the goal is conservative activation of muscles and joint movement
Application: After a joint replacement, or soft tissue repair, AAROM may be a desired intervention to carefully transition to full active movement.
Precautions
gonio w/specific considerations
-Hypermobility of the joint being assessed
-Recently healed soft tissue injuries or fractures
-Active inflammation/pain at/near the joint being assessed
-When an individual is using pain medications/muscle relaxers
-Post-operative restrictions limiting certain movements
-Osteoporosis or other conditions that cause weakness of bone (In these cases, PROM may be contraindicated.)
Contrandications
gonio should not be completed at all
-Acute soft tissue injuries or fractures in which movement or resistance may cause further damage or interrupt the healing process
-Joint instability—subluxation or dislocation
-Post-operative restrictions limiting all movement
-Myositis ossificans/ectopic ossification (conditions that cause abnormal ossification of soft tissues and extreme pain)
