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Movement > Hand and Wrist > Flashcards

Hand and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the hand?

A

Carpal bones (x8)
Metacarpals (x5)
Phalanges (2-3 in each digit)

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2
Q

What are the carpal bones called (lat to med)?

A

Proximal row: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
Distal row: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

(Some Lover Try Positions That They Cant Handle)

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3
Q

What bones articulate at the wrist?

A

Radius with scaphoid&lunate (radiocarpal joint)

-no participation by ulnar

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4
Q

What strengthens the radiocarpal joint (ant and post)?

A

Radiocarpal ligaments

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5
Q

What is the function of the distal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Assists proximal radio-ulnar joint in pronation and supination of the hand

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6
Q

What are the movements of the wrist?

A
  • Adduction/abduction
  • Flexion/extension
  • Circumduction
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7
Q

Where are the radial and ulnar styloid processes?

A

On the dorsal surface of hand (lat/med)

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8
Q

What are the 6 extrinsic ant flexor muscles of the hand?

NB. all act on wrist joint

A
  • FCR
  • FCU
  • Palmaris longus
    (^^all common tendon)
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis (2 heads)
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
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9
Q

Which nerves supply the extrinsic ant flexor muscles of the hand?

A

Median and ulnar nerves

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10
Q

What are the 8 extrinsic posterior extensor muscles of the hand?

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Extensor pollicis longus
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11
Q

Which nerve supplies the extrinsic posterior extensor muscles of the hand?

A

Radial nerve

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12
Q

What passes through the carpal tunnel? (4)

A
  • Flexor digitorum superificialis tendons (4)
  • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4)
  • Flexor pollicis longus tendon
  • Median nerve
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13
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A
  • thenar muscles
  • hypothenar muscles
  • adductor pollicis
  • lumbricals
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14
Q

What nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Ulnar nerve

EXCEPT thenar muscles and 1st & 2nd lumbricals - MEDIAN nerve

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15
Q

What are the thenar muscles? (3)

A
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • opponens pollicis
  • abductor pollicis
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16
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles? (3)

A
  • opponens digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • abductor digiti minimi
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17
Q

What is the important of opponens pollicis?

A

Allows opposition of thumb - grip

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18
Q

Why are the lumbricals called “bye bye” muscles?

A

Attach to flexor and extensor tendons giving them dual function;

  • flexion at MCP joint
  • extension at IP joint
19
Q

How are thumb movements different from fingers?

A

Rotated 90*

  • flexion = putting thumb towards palm
  • abduction = moving thumb towards wrist
20
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the median nerve?

A
  • palmar cutaneous branch
  • recurrent branch
  • digital branch (after carpal tunnel)
21
Q

What does the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve innervate?

A

Sensory supply to lateral side of palm

22
Q

What does the recurrent branch of the median nerve innervate?

A

Motor to the thenar muscles

23
Q

What does the digital branch innervate?

A

Motor - 1st & 2nd lumbricals
Sensory - palmar lat 3 1/2
- dorsal dist lat 3 1/2

24
Q

What does the median nerve innervate altogether?

A

Sensory - lat 3 1/2 palmar
-dorsal dist lat 3 1/2
Motor - thenar muscles and lat 2 lumbricals

25
Q

What are the medial and lateral attachments of the flexor retinaculum?

A

Medial - Pisiform and hook of hamate

Lateral - Scaphoid tuberosity and trapezium

26
Q

What is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

27
Q

What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome? (3)

A
  • Pins and needles in the cutaneous distribution of digital branches
  • Thenar atrophy & weakness
  • Inability to oppose thumb
28
Q

How else is the median nerve damaged?

A

Lunate dislocation (FOOSH) - anterior

29
Q

What are the 4 main branches of the ulnar nerve?

A
  • Palmar branch
  • Dorsal branch
  • Suerficial branch
  • Deep branch
30
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve pass in relation to the flexor retinaculum?

A

Superficial to flexor retinaculum

medial to median nerve

31
Q

What does the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Sensory - medial palm

32
Q

What does the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Sensory - med dorsum and med 1 1/2 digits

33
Q

What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Sensory - palmar med 1 1/2 digits

Motor - palmaris brevis

34
Q

What does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Hypothenar muscles, adductor pollicis, interossei and 4th and 5th lumbricals

35
Q

What is the innervation of the ulnar nerve?

A

Sensory - med 1 1/2 digits

Motor - hypothenar muscles, med 2 lumbricals, 7 interossei, adductor pollicis

36
Q

What is Guyon’s canal?

A

Tunnel superficial to medial flexor retinaculum.

37
Q

What passes through Guyon’s canal?

A

Ulnar nerve and artery

38
Q

What is ‘handlebar neuropathy’ caused by?

A

Compression of the ulnar nerve at the wrist

39
Q

What are the 3 clinical features of handlebar neuropathy?

A
  • sensory loss to palmer lateral 1 1/2 digits
  • Motor weakness in the intrinsic muscles (except thenar eminence & lat 2 lumbricals)
  • Hyperextension of MCP joints of IV & V (paralysis of lumbricals)
40
Q

What does the adductor compartment consist of?

A

Adductor pollicis

-ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

41
Q

What does the central compartment consist of?

A

Flexor tendons and lumbricals

42
Q

Where are the dorsal interossei?

A

Fill 4 spaces between the 5 digits

-mid finger has 2 tendons, II&IV have 1

43
Q

Where are the palmar interossei?

A

1st: med of metacarpal II
2nd & 3rd: lat of IV/V metacarpal
(NB. none on mid finger)

44
Q

What is the function of the dorsal and palmar interossei?

A

DORSAL: -abduction
-contraction pulls II &IV away
PALMAR: -adduction
-contraction draws II/IV/V towards III

Movement (12 decks)

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