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Movement > Forearm > Flashcards

Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common origin of the flexor muscles of the forearm?

A

Medial epicondyle

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2
Q

How many layers of muscles are there in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

3 - superficial, intermediate & deep

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3
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Med to lat;

  • FCU
  • Palmaris longus
  • FCR
  • Pronator teres
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4
Q

What characterises palmaris longus?

A

Small muscle with long tendon

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5
Q

Which muscle makes up the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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6
Q

How many tendons does flexor digitorum superficialis form, and where do they pass?

A

4 tendons

-through the carpal tunnel

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7
Q

What lies on the underside of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve

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8
Q

Which muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior compartment?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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9
Q

How many tendons does flexor digitorum profundus split into and where do they pass?

A

4 tendons

-through the carpal tunnel

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10
Q

Which muscle lies deepest in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm and where does it run from and to?

A

Pronator quadratus

- runs from radius to ulnar

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11
Q

What is the common origin of the extensor muscles of the forearm?

A

Lateral epicodyle

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12
Q

Which muscle is most lateral/radial in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

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13
Q

What is unusual about brachioradialis?

A

Part of posterior compartment, but acts as a flexor of the arm

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14
Q

How many layers of muscles make up the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

2 - superficial and deep layers

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15
Q

Which muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Lateral to medial;

  • Brachioradialis
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor digitorum (lies in the midline)
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
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16
Q

How many tendons does extensor digitorum split into where do they pass?

A

4 - deep to extensor retinaculum

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17
Q

Which 4 muscles make up the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Medial to lateral;

  • Extensor indicis
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Abductor pollicis longus
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18
Q

What does abductor pollicis longus wrap around?

A

Radius

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19
Q

Which tendons form the medial and lateral boundaries of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Medial - extensor pollicis longus

Lateral - extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

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20
Q

What is the role of supinator muscle and what compartment is it found in?

A

Wraps around radius and works with biceps to supinate forearm
- deep layer of post compartment

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21
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A 
Lateral = brachioradialis
Medial = pronator teres
Superior = imaginary line between epicondyles
22
Q

What muscle forms the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachialis

23
Q

What forms the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

Deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis

24
Q

What is the bicipital aponeurosis?

A

Thickening of deep fascia running medially from bicipital tendon

25
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Lat to med;
Biceps brachii tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

26
Q

Which superficial veins lie laterally and medially to the cubital fossa?

A 
Lat = Cephalic vein
Med = Basilic vein
27
Q

Which vein joins the cephalic and basilic vein?

A

Median cubital vein

28
Q

Which ligament holds the radius in place at the superior radioulnar joint and what are its attachments?

A

Annular ligament

  • PROX: ant margin of radial notch (ulnar)
  • DIST: post margin of radial notch
29
Q

Which carpal bones articulate with the radius at the radiocarpal joint?

A

Lunate and scaphoid

30
Q

How can a FOOSH result in compression of the median nerve?

A

Dislocation of lunate bone&raquo_space; median nerve compression

31
Q

What effect would median nerve damage from dislocation of the lunate bone have on movements of the digits?

A

Supplies 1st and 2nd lumbricals; lose flexion at MCP joint and extension at IP joint.
Suplies thenar muscles; wouldn’t be able to abduct, flex or oppose thumb

32
Q

What effect would damage to the median nerve in the cubital fossa have on the movements of the upper limb?

A

Difficulty flexing wrist, and flexing/extending MCP/IP joints

33
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve run past the elbow joint?

A

Behind medial epicondyle

34
Q

Other than pronating the arm what else does pronator teres do?

A

Weak flexor of forearm

35
Q

Palmaris longus is present in approximately what percentage of individuals?

A

85%

36
Q

Brachioradialis is particularly important in what action?

A

Returning arm to midprone position

37
Q

What is the nerve supply of brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

38
Q

To which phalanges does flexor digitorum superficialis attach?

A

Mid phalanges of II-V

39
Q

Where does the median nerve lie in relation to flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Deep to the muscle

40
Q

Which neurovascular bundle lies median to flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Ulnar nerve and artery

41
Q

Where do the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus insert?

A

Palmar surfaces on distal phalanges of II-V

42
Q

In which direction do the collagen fibres run in the interosseous membrane?

A

Mainly inferior from radius to ulna (transfers forces from radius to ulna)

43
Q

Which 4 structures run through the carpal tunnel?

A
  • Flexor pollicis longus tendon
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4)
  • Flexor digitorum profundus tendons (4)
  • Median nerve
44
Q

Which structures pass deep to the extensor retinaculum?

A

Tendons of extensor digitorum and digiti minimi

45
Q

Which compartment is anconeus muscle part of?

A

Superficial posterior compartment

46
Q

Where does anconeus insert and what is its function?

A

Into olecranon and prox post ulna.

Function: abduction of ulna and accessory flexor at elbow

47
Q

Where do the deep extensors generally arise?

A

Shaft of radius and ulna, and interosseous membrane

48
Q

Which vein runs over the anatomical snuff box?

A

Cephalic vein

49
Q

What bony elements can be palpated in the floor of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium

50
Q

Which 2 muscles are responsible for pronation of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

Movement (12 decks)

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